Eco-friendly Mycogenic Synthesis of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles for In Vitro Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antifungal Ap
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Eco-friendly Mycogenic Synthesis of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles for In Vitro Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antifungal Applications Asem A. Mohamed 1 & Mohammed Abu-Elghait 2 & Nehad E. Ahmed 1 & Salem S. Salem 2 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Mycogenic synthesis of medically applied zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were exploited using Penicillium chrysogenum. The biogenesis and capping processes of the produced nano-metals were conducted by functional fungal extracellular enzymes and proteins. The obtained ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs were characterized. Also, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs were determined. Also, antibiofilm and antifungal activities were investigated. Results have demonstrated the ability of the bio-secreted proteins to cape and reduce ZnO and CuO to hexagonal and spherical ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs with particle size at 9.0–35.0 nm and 10.5–59.7 nm, respectively. Both ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs showed high antimicrobial activities not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also against some phytopathogenic fungal strains. Besides this, those NPs showed varied antibiofilm effects against different microorganisms. Quantitative and qualitative analyses indicated that CuO-NPs had an effective antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and therefore can be applied in diverse medical devices. Thus, the mycogenic green synthesized ZnONPs and CuO-NPs have the potential as smart nano-materials to be used in the medical field to limit the spread of some pathogenic microbes. Keywords Zinc oxide nanoparticles . Copper oxide nanoparticles . Mycosynthesis . Antibacterial . Anti-biofilm . Antifungal
Introduction Nanotechnology is the multidisciplinary science concerned with the creation and modification of materials in a nanosize range between 1 and 100 nm. Nanotechnology is greatly affected by various disciplines especially physics, chemistry, and biology [1–5]. This technology provides great opportunities by changing the properties of materials significantly when they are in nano-size. When the dimension of the materials is getting closer to nano-size, quantum physics plays an important role instead of conventional laws of physics which adds different and unique properties to the material [6, 7]. Nowadays, biological synthesis (plant–algae–fungi–actinomycetes, bacteria, and viruses) method of NPs is preferred
* Salem S. Salem [email protected] 1
Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries, Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
because it is safe, clean, cheap, and easily scaled up procedure for well-built scale NPs [8–10]. The fungal-intermediated green formation of NPs has many advantages including simple and easy sca
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