Antibacterial and antifungal impacts of combined silver, zinc oxide, and chitosan nanoparticles within tissue conditione
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Antibacterial and antifungal impacts of combined silver, zinc oxide, and chitosan nanoparticles within tissue conditioners of complete dentures in vitro Seyyed Amin Mousavi 1 & Reza Ghotaslou 2 & Azin Khorramdel 1 & Abolfazl Akbarzadeh 2 & Ali Aeinfar 1 Received: 8 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 April 2020 # Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland 2020
Abstract Background Tissue conditioners are suitable places for colonization of microorganisms. A combination of tissue conditioners with antibacterial and antifungal materials inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Aims Here, we aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and chitosan nanoparticles on tissue conditioners in complete dentures. Methods The growth of four microorganisms in six different concentrations of Ag, ZnO, and chitosan nanoparticles was investigated after 24 and 48 h. Nanoparticles were synthesized using optical sequestration and approved by scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, and infrared (FT-IR) methods. Nanoparticles were combined at 0.5, 0.25, and 0.25 ratios (chitosan, Ag, and ZnO, respectively) with 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mass percentages. Tissue conditioners with nanoparticles were entered to test tubes containing microorganisms, and the growth rate was measured using the turbidity method by spectrophotometer after 24 and 48 h of incubation at 37 °C. Results Growth inhibition of Candida albicans occurred at 2.5% concentration. However, the growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred at 5% after both 24 and 48 h. Also, the optimum nanoparticle concentration for Candida albicans was found to be 1.25% for both timings. On the other hand, the optimum nanoparticle concentration for Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 2.5% for both time scales. Conclusions The combination of Ag, ZnO, and chitosan nanoparticles inhibited the growth of fungi and bacteria in tissue conditioners. These nanoparticles inhibited the growth of fungi more effectively than bacteria. Keywords Ag . Antifungal . Antimicrobial . Chitosan . Microorganism . Nanoparticles . Tissue conditioners . ZnO
Introduction Tissue conditioners are applied to prepare and treat damaged denture-supporting tissues. In cases where it is not possible to remove the denture from the mouth, a thin layer of tissue conditioner is used at the denture mucous membrane which acts as a buffer preventing trauma [1]. However, tissue conditioners provide a suitable reservoir for the growth and
* Ali Aeinfar [email protected] 1
School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2
School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
colonization of all types of microorganisms which exacerbate denture complications [2, 3]. One of the most common complications of complete dentures is denture stomatitis or chronic atrophic candidiasis. Over time, denture tissue surface and the sp
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