Inducible intracellular membranes: molecular aspects and emerging applications
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Microbial Cell Factories Open Access
REVIEW
Inducible intracellular membranes: molecular aspects and emerging applications Jorge Royes1,2,3*, Valérie Biou1,2, Nathalie Dautin1,2, Christophe Tribet3 and Bruno Miroux1,2*
Abstract Membrane remodeling and phospholipid biosynthesis are normally tightly regulated to maintain the shape and function of cells. Indeed, different physiological mechanisms ensure a precise coordination between de novo phospholipid biosynthesis and modulation of membrane morphology. Interestingly, the overproduction of certain membrane proteins hijack these regulation networks, leading to the formation of impressive intracellular membrane structures in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The proteins triggering an abnormal accumulation of membrane structures inside the cells (or membrane proliferation) share two major common features: (1) they promote the formation of highly curved membrane domains and (2) they lead to an enrichment in anionic, cone-shaped phospholipids (cardiolipin or phosphatidic acid) in the newly formed membranes. Taking into account the available examples of membrane proliferation upon protein overproduction, together with the latest biochemical, biophysical and structural data, we explore the relationship between protein synthesis and membrane biogenesis. We propose a mechanism for the formation of these non-physiological intracellular membranes that shares similarities with natural inner membrane structures found in α-proteobacteria, mitochondria and some viruses-infected cells, pointing towards a conserved feature through evolution. We hope that the information discussed in this review will give a better grasp of the biophysical mechanisms behind physiological and induced intracellular membrane proliferation, and inspire new applications, either for academia (high-yield membrane protein production and nanovesicle production) or industry (biofuel production and vaccine preparation). Keywords: Membrane remodeling, Membrane biosynthesis, Membrane curvature, Phospholipids, Inner membrane, Lipid biosynthesis Background Biological membranes are complex, two-dimensional structured assemblies of phospholipids containing a high density of proteins and carbohydrates. The possibility of controlling the production and organization of biological membranes is still an open question and it has several implications for biotechnology. For example, the increased phospholipid amount due to membrane expansion is useful in the field of biofuel production by *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Physico‑Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, LBPC-PM, CNRS, UMR7099, 75005 Paris, France 2 Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
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