Inorganic-organic Hybrid materials from Layered Double Hydroxide structure and their subsequent carbonaceous repliqua
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Inorganic-organic Hybrid materials from Layered Double Hydroxide structure and their subsequent carbonaceous repliqua Fabrice Leroux,*1 El Mostafa Moujahid,1 Claudia Roland-Swanson,1 Laetitia Vieille,1 Christine Taviot-Guého,1 Jean-Pierre Besse,1 Encarnacion Raymundo-Piñero,2 François Béguin2 1
Laboratoire des Matériaux Inorganiques, CNRS-UMR n°6002, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubière cédex, France; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, 1B rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, cedex2, France ABSTRACT Interleaved monomers and polymers between the sheets of layered double hydroxide (LDH) (hydrotalcite-type) materials are considered as carbonaceous source. After a charring process constituted of a carbonisation and a subsequent demineralisation, carbonaceous materials of interesting textural properties were obtained. The initial preparation of the polymer LDH hybrid phase was found to strongly orientate the textural characteristics, microporous volume and creation of mesoporosity. Several methods to assess the microporosity, t-plot, αs and Dubinin-Astakhov, are compared. Specific surface area as high as 2300 m2/g measured by BET method and microporous volume of 1.07 mL/g were obtained. The carbonaceous materials tested as supercapacitor in acidic medium present capacitances in the range 60 - 120 F/g associated to a good behavior in cycling. INTRODUCTION Under specific conditions, some organic molecules and polymers once confined into a host structure give rise to carbonaceous materials associated to interesting textural properties. The presence of inorganic framework during the calcination is found to preclude the side reaction to occur allowing the carbonaceous material to develop large microporosity. It has been illustrated by several examples such as clay materials,[1-2] but also with 3D host structures such as MCM-48 [3,4]. For the inorganic framework, we have been interested in Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) materials. Namely, LDH-type materials present a large versatility in terms of chemical composition and layer charge. The LDH structure is referred to the natural hydrotalcite, and described with the ideal formula, [MIIxM1-xIII(OH)2]intra[Am-x/m. nH2O]inter, where MII and MIII are metal cations, A are the anions while intra and inter denote the intralayer and interlayer domain, respectively. The structure consists of brucite-like layers constituted of edge-sharing M(OH)6 octahedra. Partial MII to MIII substitution induces a positive charge for the layers, balanced with the presence of the interlayered anions together with water molecules. Hybrid LDH materials composed of macromolecules as the organic moiety have been extended from the incorporation of biomolecules such as nucleoside monophosphate [5], or biopolymer such as alginate [6] to the uptake of monomer molecules followed by an in-situ polymerization process. Few review articles have been devoted to the intercalation and in-situ polymerization process so far [7]. In this contribution, we foc
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