Insilico Studies on Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) in Leeches
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Insilico Studies on Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) in Leeches Shyamasree Ghosh1,2 Received: 26 November 2019 / Revised: 4 January 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The earthworm immune system is robust and comprises of the coelom cytolytic factor (CCF), lysenin and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs, Ghosh in Environ Sci Pollut Res 25: 6196, 2018) have been reported from organisms belonging to Phylum Annelida including earthworms (Ghosh in Int J Pept Res Ther, http://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-019-09970-9, 2019) which reveal structural diversity. Leeches have been known of their medical importance and known to produce AMPs (Hung et al. in J Proteomics 103:216–226, 2014; Salzet Curr Med Chem 12(6):3055–3061, 2005), but information on their detailed structures were not observed in published literature. In this study we have conducted insilico studies to understand the (i) Physicochemical properties (ii) phylogenetic relation from peptide sequence (iii) molecular modelling studies by insilico approaches which reveals overall diversity in their structure despite their similar functional role. This report highlights the properties of all AMPs in leeches with known sequences and the importance of application of insilico tools, performing a mutation analysis affecting protein stability, to highlight the significance of K(8) amino acid of the AMP 536_2 from Hirudo medicinalis in maintaining protein stability and functional importance. Keywords Leech · Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) · Molecular modelling
Introduction The earthworm belonging to Phylum Annelida, bears a robust immune system comprising of the coloem cytolytic factor (CCF), lysenin and AMPs as humoral components of the innate immune system that confers immunity to earthworm against the constant challenges of the pathogens and pollutants they are exposed to in their environment (Ghosh 2018, 2019) and which reveal diversity in their structure. While all the molecules are of utmost importance contributing to the earthworm immunity, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are also of human interest due to the global cry over increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics and dearth of suitable antibiotics to control infections by bacteria and is extremely challenging to the mankind. From the 1980’s the time when resistant bacteria were reported to make their * Shyamasree Ghosh [email protected]; [email protected] 1
School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
2
presence felt, and even till today when deadly infections are fatal, claiming lives and pose threat to the human health and is still proving a menace in patients undergoing treatments in hospitals (Salzet 2005; Tasiemski et al. 2015; Tasiemski and Salzet 2017; Grafskaia et al. 2019). Therefore researches on alternate strategies to combat the harmful life threatening bacterial infections is very much need of the hour and fr
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