Intraspecific variability overlays abiotic site effects on some quality parameters of walnut ( Juglans regia L.) fruits
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Intraspecific variability overlays abiotic site effects on some quality parameters of walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruits from Kyrgyzstan Sabrina Alica Meisen1 · Jamila Smanalieva2 · Zhyldyz Oskonbaeva1,3 · Janyl Iskakova3 · Dietrich Darr1 · Florian Wichern1 Received: 15 July 2020 / Revised: 29 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Kyrgyz walnut-fruit forests harbour a unique walnut diversity, which has rarely been investigated concerning nut properties and the influence of environmental conditions on these. We evaluated the influence of soil properties and altitude on physical and some chemical walnut properties at three sampling sites differing in altitude by 200 m. Walnut samples were collected from 15 randomly chosen trees. Soil samples from two depths under each tree were analysed for plant available mineral nutrients and soil chemical properties. In contrast to our hypothesis, physical nut and chemical kernel quality parameters did not differ between sampling sites at different altitude and were not affected by soil properties. Only pH showed a relationship with manganese availability in soil and kernel content, and was related to amino acid content of kernels. Tree and site-specific variability overrides abiotic influence caused by different altitude or soil properties and reflect the high genetic variability in these forests. Keywords Abiotic factors · Mineral nutrient content · Quality · Soil properties · Walnut
Introduction The Republic of Kyrgyzstan is home to the largest naturally occurring walnut (Juglans regia L.) forest areas of the world [1], which are found in the Fergana Range North and East of Jalal-Abad at an elevation between approximately 1000 and 2000 m above sea level [2]. After the last glacial period, stable climatic conditions prevailed for 4000 years Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03628-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Florian Wichern [email protected] Sabrina Alica Meisen Sabrina‑[email protected] Jamila Smanalieva [email protected]
and facilitated the development of a unique ecosystem of high value for the local community, which make use of the various biological resources [1]. Next to walnuts, the forests also harbour wild fruit trees of which some are endemic and show high potential as a health benefitting food source due to valuable secondary plant metabolites [3]. Even though cross-pollination and thus genetic drift is favoured by the monoecious and dichogamous reproduction system of J. regia [4], relatively low allelic variability was found amongst Kyrgyz walnuts, reflecting a genetically unique biological resource [5, 6], which may harbour special walnut quality traits and intraspecific variability. Knowledge about this, however, is lacking. 1
Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Germany Marie‑Curie‑Str. 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany
2
Department of Food
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