Introduction to Tourism Design and Design Science in Tourism

This chapter introduces design science in tourism (DST) as a framework which can guide both the theoretical foundations and applications in tourism design. It is argued that since 1972 when Clare Gunn first published Vacationsape huge progress has been ma

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Abstract This chapter introduces design science in tourism (DST) as a framework which can guide both the theoretical foundations and applications in tourism design. It is argued that since 1972 when Clare Gunn first published Vacationsape huge progress has been made which now provides the theory and tools needed to support DST. This chapter discusses the concept of DST and the tools available to support tourism design. Finally, it introduces the chapters comprising this book which set the stage for the development of tourism design within today’s cultural and technological contexts. Keywords Tourism design • Experience design • Design science in tourism

1 Introduction In 1972 Clare Gunn first wrote a book called Vacationscape where he first outlined a disciplined approach for designing landscapes ranging from small intimate places to cities. Over the past four decades many researchers have examined various components of the tourism system with the goal of improving on the basic ideas he proposed. This work along with other advances in science and technology delineates four essential advances which now enable tourism planners to realize Gunn’s dream. First and foremost, the development of a considerable body of research in a variety of disciplines and areas of application ranging from psychology, social psychology, environmental psychology, geography, landscape architecture, urban and regional planning, economics, marketing, and communications provides a reasonably comprehensive understanding of the touristic experience and the factors influencing these experiences. Second, the development of the Internet and related technologies (i.e., storage, RFID, GIS, mobile, social media,

D.R. Fesenmaier (*) University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA e-mail: [email protected] Z. Xiang Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 D.R. Fesenmaier, Z. Xiang (eds.), Design Science in Tourism, Tourism on the Verge, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42773-7_1

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D.R. Fesenmaier and Z. Xiang

wearables, etc.) now enables researchers to collect and analyze traveler-related data almost anywhere and in real time; this new capability affords new opportunities to understand how travelers respond to various stimuli while in situ, thereby overcoming a number of important limitations of previous methods. Third, the coalescence of the basic theories and new technologies gives rise to a new understanding of design, which argues that it (i.e., design) is not simply a property of the artefact (i.e., event or place which supports the traveler experience), but rather it is a way of thinking. As such, scholars argue that design thinking is a basic process driving innovation and new ways for supporting the creation of customer value, i.e., the tourism experience. Finally, the development of new, highly sophisticated systems (including the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Quantified Traveler) for seamlessly tracking and communicating with visitors enables the tourism industry to manage the visi

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