Investigation of Groundnut Shell Powder on Development of Lightweight Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Composite: Mechanical
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Investigation of Groundnut Shell Powder on Development of Lightweight Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Composite: Mechanical and Microstructural Properties Juvenal Giogetti Deutou Nemaleu 1 & Viviane Bakaine Djaoyang 1 & Alim Bilkissou 1 & Cyriaque Rodigue Kaze 1,2 & Raphael Belinga Essama Boum 1 & Jean Noël Yankwa Djobo 1 & Patrick Lemougna Ninla 3 & Elie Kamseu 1 Received: 30 September 2020 / Revised: 4 November 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The aim of the present project deals with the use of the available agricultural by-product groundnut shell ash (GSA) as replacement (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt.%) to metakaolin for the synthesis of lightweight geopolymer. Two alkaline solutions (8 and 10M) have been used as activator solution. The resulting product was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS analyses as well as physico-mechanical properties. The results revealed that the addition of the GSA literally decreased the compressive strength from 21 to 14 MPa (8M) and 30 to 15 MPa (10M). Bulk density was ranged between 1.21 and 1.10 g.cm− 3 and 1.51– 1.20 g.cm− 3. Increasing of the groundnut shell ash content up to 30 wt.% leads to the high porosity (38.13 and 40% vol). SEM images revealed that the microstructure of reference geopolymer (MKGA0) appeared denser than those containing additive (MKGA20) justifying the deterioration in the mechanical strength. The end-products appeared as promising candidate for nonstructural application in construction. Keywords Metakaolin . Groundnut shell powder . Lightweight . Microstructure . Mechanical properties
1 Introduction Geopolymers are semi-crystalline materials formed by the reaction between an aluminosilicate powder and an alkaline or acidic solution [1, 2]. The geopolymerization mechanism is based on the ability of the chemical activators to dissolve the aluminosilicate and their polymerization in a 3-D structure [1].
* Juvenal Giogetti Deutou Nemaleu [email protected] 1
Local Materials Promotion Authority (MIPROMALO), P.O. Box 2396, Yaoundé, Cameroun
2
Laboratory of Applied Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
3
Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries (EGCIM), University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon, Cameroon
Their structure is consisting of repeating units of sialate (-SiO-Al-) or ferrosialiate (-Si-O-Fe-) or silico-alumino-phosphate, ferro-silico-alumino-phosphate, alumino-phosphate etc.[3–9]. Many authors have synthesized geopolymers using diverse aluminosilicate sources such as clayey materials, fly ash, volcanic ash, laterites, pozzolans, etc. [10–15]. The alkaline solutions mostly used for the geopolymer synthesis are alkali hydroxide mixtures (NaOH or KOH) with sodium or potassium silicate (Na2SiO3, K2SiO3) [6, 16, 17]. However, their production requires a lot of energy for heating siliceous sand mixed with sodium carbonate [18]. Hence, to avoid this dependence in Energy several biomasses rich
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