Isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Illicium verum (Schisandraceae)
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Illicium verum (Schisandraceae) Zhonghui Ma • Shixiao Luo • Dianxiang Zhang
Received: 30 December 2012 / Accepted: 31 December 2012 / Published online: 8 January 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for Illicium verum, a member of the basal angiosperms. The observed number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.10 to 1.00 and 0.097 to 0.85, respectively. Twelve loci were screened in crossamplification tests for three other Illicium species, in which all loci were successfully amplified. These newly developed microsatellite markers could provide a useful tool for the ongoing efforts in studying the population genetic variation of I. verum, which will facilitate formulation of appropriate strategies for conservation and sustainable utilization of star anise and its congeneric species. Keywords Illicium verum Microsatellites Population genetics Interspecific transferability
Illicium verum Hook. f. (now in Schisandraceae, APG III 2009) commonly known as star anise or Chinese star anise, is an important economic and traditional medicinal plant. The species has a narrow geographical distribution in southern China and northern Vietnam (Smith 1947). Star anise is widely used in Chinese and Vietnamese cuisine as well as in western cooking (Bown 1995). It has been used in treating digestive disturbances, cough mixtures, Z. Ma S. Luo D. Zhang (&) Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China e-mail: [email protected] Z. Ma University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
abdominal colic, vomiting, abdomen and lower back pain (Grieve 1984; Cano and Volpato 2004; Wang et al. 2011). The essential oil distilled from the fruit of I. verum is also frequently used in perfume, toothpaste, flavour liqueurs, soft drinks and bakery products (Bown 1995). However, the resources and the habitat of I. verum are dramatically diminishing in the last decades, due to the extensive replacement of star anise by Eucalyptus plantations. Understanding the population genetic basis of germplasm resources is crucial for their evaluation and conservation, but little is known about the genetic variation and population genetic structure of Illicium species. Therefore, it is urgent to develop molecular markers for Illicium species. In this study, we reported 12 microsatellite loci in I. verum and tested their interspecific transferability in the congeneric Illicium dunnianum, Illicium tsangii and Illicium jiadifengpi. These new microsatellite markers could be used to assess the levels of genetic diversity and to understand the relationships among those closely related species in the ongoing studies. A total of 96 I. verum samples were collected from four populations in Guang
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