Isolation and characterization of sixteen polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Western Spadefoot, Pelobates cultripes
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Isolation and characterization of sixteen polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Western Spadefoot, Pelobates cultripes (Anura: Pelobatidae) via 454 pyrosequencing J. Gutie´rrez-Rodrı´guez • I. Martı´nez-Solano
Received: 19 April 2013 / Accepted: 6 May 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract The Western Spadefoot, Pelobates cultripes (Anura, Pelobatidae), is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and southeastern France, with isolated populations in the Atlantic coast of France. Its populations are fragmented and it is considered Near Threatened by the IUCN. Here we describe the development of sixteen polymorphic microsatellite loci in this species. Polymorphism was assessed in 95 individuals from five Iberian populations. The number of alleles and expected heterozygosity ranged from 3 to 14 and 0.20 to 0.76, respectively. Eight loci cross-amplified in the closely related and Endangered Moroccan Spadefoot toad, Pelobates varaldii. These markers will be useful to address questions about the ecology, population genetics and evolutionary history of P. cultripes, including information on effective population size, habitat use and dispersal patterns, which are essential for the efficient management of the fragmented populations characteristic of most of its range. Keywords Microsatellites Amphibians Pelobates cultripes Iberian Peninsula Pelobates varaldii North Africa
Amphibians are the most endangered group of vertebrates, with nearly a third of the species threatened or extinct (IUCN et al. 2008). Currently their populations are J. Gutie´rrez-Rodrı´guez Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c/Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain I. Martı´nez-Solano (&) Instituto de Investigacio´n en Recursos Cinege´ticos, CSICUCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo, s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
declining in all regions of the world (Stuart et al. 2008). The most important causes of these declines are habitat destruction and fragmentation, infectious disease (chytridiomycosis) and climate change (Hof et al. 2011). In Europe, projection of species potential distributions under plausible future global change scenarios forecast an increase in suitable habitat for a great proportion of species, except in south-western Europe, where several species will experience a decline in the extent of suitable habitat (Arau´jo et al. 2006). One of this species is the Western Spadefoot toad, Pelobates cultripes (Cuvier, 1829), which is distributed throughout most of the Iberian Peninsula, along the Mediterranean coast of France and in some disjunct areas in the French Atlantic coast (Garcı´a-Parı´s et al. 2004; Loureiro et al. 2008; Duget and Melki 2003). Its populations are declining range-wide (Tejedo and Reques 2002) due to habitat loss and the negative impact of invasive species and consequently, the species is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN (Beja et al. 2009). Here we describe the isolation and characterization of sixteen polymorphic microsatellite loci in P
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