Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Ussuri mamushi ( Gloydius ussuriensis )
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MICROSATELLITE LETTERS
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Ussuri mamushi (Gloydius ussuriensis) Rong-Fang Wang • Yan-Qing Wu • Zhe Liu Yan-Fu Qu
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Received: 27 March 2014 / Accepted: 5 May 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
Abstract The Ussuri mamushi (Gloydius ussuriensis) is especially adapted to low temperature environments in the high latitude area and it is classified as least concern according to the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals. In this study, ten microsatellite loci were isolated from G. ussuriensis. These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (4–13 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (HO ranged from 0.205 to 0.848, and HE ranged from 0.317 to 0.874). No locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. These microsatellite markers will facilitate studies that address conservation of the species, such as gene flow, population structure and evolutionary history. Keywords Crotalinae Ussuri mamushi Gloydius ussuriensis Microsatellite markers Polymorphism The Ussuri mamushi (Gloydius ussuriensis) is a small-sized, viviparous, highly venomous snake belonging to the family Crotalinae and distributing in a variety of habitats in the hilly countryside in the high latitude area including northeast China, Russia Far East and Korean Peninsula (Zhao 1998a). However, G. ussuriensis has dramatically declined due to the effect of human activities and over hunting for traditional Chinese medicine (Zhao 1998b). The snake is listed as
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12686-014-0216-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. R.-F. Wang Y.-Q. Wu Z. Liu Y.-F. Qu (&) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China e-mail: [email protected]
the state’s ‘‘three are’’ (state protection beneficial or of important economic, scientific value of the list of terrestrial wildlife) animal in China by State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China and least concerned species according to the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals (Zhao 1998b). To better address conservation play of this species, it is urgent to provide essential information for effective measure to conserve G. ussuriensis, for example, investigate the genetic diversity and characterize the genetic structure of the species. Ten microsatellite markers were successfully isolated and characterized in G. ussuriensis to estimate population genetic parameters. Polymorphisms of these markers were assessed in 48 natural individuals of G. ussuriensis collected in Liaoning, China. Total genomic DNA from three unrelated individuals was extracted, experimental procedures and results analysis referred to Lin et al. (2011) and Wu et al. (2014). The ten sequence containing a microsatellite locus were deposited in Ge
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