Isolation and genomic characterization of a pathogenic Providencia rettgeri strain G0519 in turtle Trachemys scripta
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Isolation and genomic characterization of a pathogenic Providencia rettgeri strain G0519 in turtle Trachemys scripta Minghao Ye . Xiucai Hu . Aijun Lu¨ . Jingfeng Sun . Chengxun Chen
Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Providencia rettgeri infection has occurred occasionally in aquaculture, but is rare in turtles. Here, a pathogenic P. rettgeri strain G0519 was isolated from a diseased slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) in China, and qPCR assay was established for the RTX toxin (rtxD) gene. Histopathological examination showed that many inflammatory cells were infiltrated into heart, liver and intestine, as well as the necrosis of liver, kidney and spleen. The genome consisted of one circular chromosome (4.493 Mb) and one plasmid (18.8 kb), and predicted to contain 4170 and 19 protein-coding genes, respectively. Multiple pathogenic and virulence factors (e.g., fimbria, adhesion, invasion, toxin, hemolysin, chemotaxis, secretion system), multidrug-resistant genes (e.g., ampC, per-1, oxa-1, sul1, tetR) and a novel genomic resistance island PRI519 were identified. Comparative genome analysis revealed the closest relationship was with P. rettgeri, and with P. heimbachae closer than with other Providencia spp. To our knowledge, this was first report on genomic
Minghao Ye and Xiucai Hu have contributed equally to this work. M. Ye X. Hu A. Lu¨ (&) J. Sun C. Chen Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China e-mail: [email protected]
characterization of multidrug-resistant pathogenic P. rettgeri in cultured turtles. Keywords Providencia rettgeri Histopathology Virulence factor Antimicrobial resistance Comparative genome Abbreviations ABC ATP-binding cassette CARD Comprehensive antibiotic research database CAZy Carbohydrate-active enZYmes COG Clusters of orthologous groups CyaA Cyclase toxin A ESBL Extended-spectrum b-lactamase GO Gene ontology Hcp Hemolysin coregulated protein Hly Hemolysin KEGG Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes LPS Lipopolysaccharide MBL Metallo b-lactamase MDR Multidrug-resistant MFS Major facilitator superfamily MRL Maximum resistance level NR Non-redundant OMP Outer membrane protein PHI Pathogen host interactions qPCR Quantitative real-time PCR RND Resistance-nodulation-division rRNA Ribosomal RNA RTX Repeats in toxins
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
RtxD sRNA 3D tRNA Vgr VF
Toxin transporter Small RNA Three dimensional Transfer RNA Valine glycine repeat Virulence factor
Introduction Providencia rettgeri belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, genus Providencia (Brenner et al. 2005). It was first isolated from diseased chicken, and subsequently found in human, insect and fish (O’Hara et al. 2000; Galac and Lazzaro 2012; Ramesh and Souissi 2018). In humans, P. rettgeri as an important pathogenic bacterium, it reported to cause several infections such as bacteremia, eye infectio
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