Isolation and characterization of the equol-producing bacterium Slackia sp. strain NATTS
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Isolation and characterization of the equol-producing bacterium Slackia sp. strain NATTS Hirokazu Tsuji · Kaoru Moriyama · Koji Nomoto · Naoto Miyanaga · Hideyuki Akaza
Received: 24 August 2009 / Accepted: 7 January 2010 / Published online: 21 February 2010 © Springer-Verlag 2010
Abstracts Several kinds of carbohydrates such as sorbose, adonitol, and melezitose were found to enhance equol production from daidzein in an in vitro human fecal culture. Sorbose, one of the most eVective carbohydrates, was used as a carbohydrate source for isolating the NATTS strain, which was a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rod bacterium with high ability to convert daidzein to equol isolated from the 7th maintenance culture. The strain was found to belong to the genus Slackia family Coriobacteriaceae by 16S rRNA sequence-based analysis, and the prevalence of the Slackia sp. in Japanese adults was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), which was found to be 40% at a mean population level of 106 cells per gram of feces. Keywords IsoXavone · Daidzein · Equol · Intestinal bacteria · Carbohydrates · Slackia
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. H. Tsuji · K. Moriyama · K. Nomoto (&) Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan e-mail: [email protected] H. Tsuji e-mail: [email protected] N. Miyanaga · H. Akaza Urology and Andrology, Functional and Regulatory Medical Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Introduction Equol is known to possess a stronger estrogenic activity than other isoXavone derivatives (Sathyamoorthy and Wang 1997) and has been reported to prevent hormonedependent and age-related diseases, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases (Watanabe et al. 2000; Mizunuma et al. 2002; Appt 2004; Lukaczer et al. 2005; Jackman et al. 2007; Ishiwata et al. 2009). It has also been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro (Morito et al. 2001; Lund et al. 2004; Setchell et al. 2005; Raschke et al. 2006) and can be detected in the peripheral blood, urine, or stools of 30–50% of the human population (Arai et al. 2000; Setchell et al. 2003). In a case–control study conducted in Japan, Akaza et al. demonstrated that the percentage of non-equol producers was signiWcantly higher in patients with prostate cancer than in healthy individuals (Akaza et al. 2002). Therefore, controlling the blood and intestinal equol concentration is a promising strategy for the primary prevention of hormone-dependent and age-related diseases, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases (Watanabe et al. 2000; Mizunuma et al. 2002; Appt 2004; Lukaczer et al. 2005; Jackman et al. 2007). IsoXavones exist predominantly as glycosides in plants such as soy bean, mainly as daidzin and genistin. After the ingestion of soy-products such
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