Laser-assisted bioprinting to deal with tissue complexity in regenerative medicine
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ue complexity in nature Tissue development and maintenance (i.e., homeostasis) involve complex and dynamic regulation of interactions between (stem) cells, cell growth factors, hormones and cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) that influence cell fate and tissue organization through the set-up of local gradients of soluble or insoluble factors and local physical forces.1–5 At the cellular level, cell behavior, such as apoptosis, quiescence, proliferation, migration, or differentiation, has been shown to be governed by nano- and microtopography,6 matrix stiffness,7 ligand density (such as peptides containing the amino-acid sequence RGD:arginine, glycine, and aspartic acid),4 growth factor activity, and cell neighbors.8 At the tissue level, tissue morphogenesis (i.e., the ability of cell populations to organize themselves into anatomically correct structures)9 results from
specific/orientated cell division and cell rearrangements,10 as well as cell migration through chemical gradients (haptotaxis and chemiotaxis) or mechanical gradients (durotaxis). This suggests a dynamic reciprocity between form and function11,12 and underlies the importance of engineering adequate geometries of cells, cues, or even drugs to engineer realistic tissue surrogates13,14 or to promote proper tissue healing. Developing tools to create, manipulate, and analyze the cell-matrix interactions in vitro and in vivo at cellular scale resolution, including the location and shape of cell patterns, is thus essential.15
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Since the late 1980s and the creation of the first workable definition of hybrid artificial organs,16 an increasing number of
Fabien Guillemot, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; [email protected] Bertrand Guillotin, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; [email protected] Aurélien Fontaine, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; [email protected] Muhammad Ali, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; [email protected] Sylvain Catros, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; [email protected] Virginie Kériquel, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; [email protected] Jean-Christophe Fricain, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; jfricain@u_bordeaux2.fr Murielle Rémy, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; murielle.remy@u_bordeaux2.fr Reine Bareille, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; [email protected] Joëlle Amédée-Vilamitjana, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Inserm, Université Bordeaux Segalen, France; [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2011.272
© 2011 Materials Research Society
MRS BULLETIN • VOLUME 36 • DECEMBER 2011 • www.mrs.org/bulletin
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LASER-ASSISTED BIOPRINTING TO DEAL WITH TISSUE COMPLEXITY IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
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