Laser-Fabricated Plasmonic Nanostructures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Bacteria Quorum Sensing Molecules
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Laser-Fabricated Plasmonic Nanostructures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Bacteria Quorum Sensing Molecules Kyle Culhane1, Ke Jiang1, Aaron Neumann3, and Anatoliy O. Pinchuk1,2 1
Center for Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States 2
Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States 3
Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
ABSTRACT
A laser deposition technique, based on the photo-reduction of silver ions from an aqueous solution, was used to fabricate silver nanostructure surfaces on glass cover slips. The resulting silver nanostructures exhibited plasmonic properties, which show promise in applications towards surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Using the standard thiophenol, the enhancement factor calculated for the deposits was approximately ~106, which is comparable to other SERS-active plasmonic nanostructures fabricated through more complex techniques, such as electron beam lithography. The silver nanostructures were then employed in the enhancement of Raman signals from N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, a signaling molecule relevant to bacteria quorum sensing. In particular, the work presented herein shows that the laser-deposited plasmonic nanostructures are promising candidates for monitoring concentrations of signaling molecules within biofilms containing quorum sensing bacteria.
INTRODUCTION
Directed fabrication of mesoscopic plasmonic structures is a highly desirable asset for numerous areas in science and technology such as electronics, photonics, tissue engineering, and sensing. Recently, developments in the laser-directed fabrication of noble metal nanostructures has become a powerful tool used to create a variety of assemblies that could potentially have
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significant impact in microelectronics [1-3] and Raman sensing [4-6]. Compared to other precise nanofabrication technique such as electron beam lithography [7], nanosphere lithography [8], or dip-pen lithography [9], laser-deposition of metal nanostructures is more time and labor efficient, less costly, and offers more flexibility in the type of utilized substrates. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely studied using noble metal nanomaterials due to their remarkable plasmonic properties in the visible-near-infrared region [10]. Until now, preparations of active SERS substrates mainly concentrated on chemical reaction in solution or vapor deposition, while the controlled and directed deposition of SERS-active structures on arbitrary substrates has presented a great challenge. Quorum sensing bacteria pr
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