Lipid Mediators and Modulators of Neural Function: Lysophosphatidate and Lysolipids
There is an increasing body of knowledge that demonstrates important roles for lysophosphatidate (LPA) and other biologically active lipids in controlling cell signaling including regulation of cell division, death, and movement. These processes are impor
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Lipid Mediators and Modulators of Neural Function: Lysophosphatidate and Lysolipids
D. N. Brindley . A. U. Bra¨uer
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General Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
Signaling by Extracellular Lysophosphatidate and Lysophosphatidylcholine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 LPC Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Signaling Through LPA Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Lysophosphatidate Receptor Expression During Brain Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Lysophosphatidate Receptor KO Mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Metabolism of Extracellular Lysophosphatidylcholine and Lysophosphatidate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Synthesis of Extracellular Lysophosphatidylcholine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Role of Autotaxin and the Synthesis of Extracellular Lysophosphatidate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Autotaxin Expression in the Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Autotaxin Expression During Neurological Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Autotaxin Knockout Mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
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Role of Secretory Phospholipase A2 in the Synthesis of Extracellular Lysophosphatidate . . . . . . . 295
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
Function of Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases in Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Extracellular Dephosphorylation of LPA by Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Intracellular Functions of the Lipid Phosphates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Intracellular Functions of the Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase Expression in the Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
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Importance of Phosphatidate Phosphatases-1 (Lipin) Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
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