Mechanism insight of dual synergistic effects of plasmonic Pd-SrTiO 3 for enhanced solar energy photocatalysis
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Mechanism insight of dual synergistic effects of plasmonic Pd‑SrTiO3 for enhanced solar energy photocatalysis Ping Feng Lim1 · Kah Hon Leong1 · Lan Ching Sim2 · Wen‑Da Oh3 · Yik Heng Chin1 · Pichiah Saravanan4 · Chaomeng Dai5 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study presents the integration of UV-active semiconductor with plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles for enhanced solar energy photocatalysis. Nanocubes strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process. Then palladium (Pd) nanoparticles will be deposited onto the surface of S rTiO3 by simple photochemical deposition route. The deposition of plasmonic Pd nanoparticles significantly increased the light absorption, especially in visible and near-infrared region and enhanced charge separation efficiency. The photocatalytic performance of Pd-deposited SrTiO3 is assessed by photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-chlorophenol (4CP) under solar light. The results confirm that the existence of Pd nanoparticles in S rTiO3 has improved the photocatalysis efficiency compared to pure SrTiO3. The higher weight percentage of Pd loading achieved better photocatalytic performance compared to lower weight percentage of Pd loading. This improvement can be deduced from the dual localized surface plasmon resonance effects that led to higher photoresponse and generation of free electrons. Moreover, the existence of Pd nanoparticles further retards the recombination rate of electron and hole pairs. This leads to the excess presence of electrons that contributed to the formation of active radicals that enhanced the oxidation of BPA and 4CP. Thus, this study will provide a new mechanism insight and approach to modify visible and near-infrared light-driven photocatalysts in degrading various organic pollutants. Graphic abstract
Keywords Palladium · SrTiO3 · Visible light · Near infrared light · Sunlight · Localized surface plasmon resonance Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03739-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kah Hon Leong [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
1 Introduction In the last decade, an advanced oxidation process (AOP) have drawn a tremendous amount of consciousness in the research of water and wastewater treatment technologies.
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The AOP can be broadly understood as aqueous-phase oxidation method with in situ generations of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then can oxidize and mineralize most of the chemical compounds [1]. Among the advanced oxidation processes, heterogeneous photocatalysis is particularly attractive owing to its chemical and photostability, low cost and non-toxic, and ability to mineralize large variety of organic and inorganic pollutants [2, 3]. To date, strontium titanate (SrTiO3) perovskite oxid
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