Metabolic Engineering Approaches for Improvement of Probiotics Functionality
Microbiota has an effective health promoting role which is ingested through fermented functional foods, specifically probiotic microorganisms. They are now being administered orally which in turn serves the purpose of potent alternative medication for int
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Metabolic Engineering Approaches for Improvement of Probiotics Functionality Saurabh Jain, Arnab Chatterjee, Surbhi Panwar, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Rita S. Majumdar, and Ashwani Kumar
Abstract Microbiota has an effective health promoting role which is ingested through fermented functional foods, specifically probiotic microorganisms. They are now being administered orally which in turn serves the purpose of potent alternative medication for intestinal disorders by replacing antibiotics. Most frequently used probiotics are Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. For much other therapeutic usage new probiotic strains are being modified to understand their mechanism of action and to strengthen them further through bioengineering. Metabolic engineering shows pathway for modulation of the organism’s metabolism so that the maximum amount of desired metabolites can be extracted through genetic manipulations. This chapter concentrates mainly on modifying the genes of probiotic bacteria and their importance in health and wellness. Keywords Metabolic engineering · Genes · Probiotics · Therapeutic usage
S. Jain Department of Applied Science, Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Innovative Engineering and Technology Institute, Radaur, Haryana, India Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India A. Chatterjee · A. Kumar (*) Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India S. Panwar Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India A. K. Yadav Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, India R. S. Majumdar Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 G. Goel, A. Kumar (eds.), Advances in Probiotics for Sustainable Food and Medicine, Microorganisms for Sustainability 21, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6795-7_10
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Introduction
The World Health Organization elucidated probiotics as “living microorganisms” which on introduction into host body in ample amounts, bestow health benefits. In other words, probiotics are categorized in the bacterial group that keep sound the stomach and intestinal health of people. The bacteria present in fermented products (e.g., yogurt, kefir and sauerkraut) do not persist usually in the intestine of human body because of the hostile GI environment that keeps these bacteria away from the body (McFarland and Elmer 1995). Probiotics confer several perquisites that help in the regulation of intestinal health, including immune system improvement and to prevent diseases that are chronic in nature which includes example like cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes; and its efficacy is also reflected on cognitive health. Normally, Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterial strains are being used as probiotics. There is a common assumption about the effects of most probiotics about their strain specific activity. The possible method of probio
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