Methane Emission Pattern of Indian Rice-Ecosystems
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Methane Emission Pattern of Indian Rice-Ecosystems K. R. Manjunath & Sushma Panigrahy & T. K. Adhya & V. Beri & K. V. Rao & J. S. Parihar
Received: 13 October 2010 / Accepted: 17 April 2011 / Published online: 4 June 2011 # Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2011
Abstract The rice land is linked to the climate change due to its methane emission potential. The systems of growing rice and associated soil and crop management practices that have evolved are varied and complex. However, from the methane emission point of view, water regime is a crucial parameter. According to IPCC guidelines the rice ecosystem need to be categorized into four strata for methane
K. R. Manjunath (*) : S. Panigrahy : J. S. Parihar Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380015, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Panigrahy e-mail: [email protected] J. S. Parihar e-mail: [email protected] T. K. Adhya Central Rice Research Institute, ICAR, Cuttack, India e-mail: [email protected]
emission study. The remote sensing based stratification map previously developed was used for in-situ weekly/monthly measurements of methane emission from the representative ecosystems, samples were collected and analysed using gas chromatography following the IPCC standards for three consecutive years; 2003, 2004 and 2005. This paper highlights the results of methane emission measurement and pattern from rice lands of India based on in-situ measurements. The CH4 emission pattern of irrigated crop in dry season showed a steady increase in the beginning which peaks during flowering stage, decreasing gradually thereafter. The results were consistent for different varieties and across the years. The emission pattern of irrigated wet season crop showed two peaks. The emission pattern also showed the influence of crop variety as well as year (of observation). The mean emission coefficient derived from all categories and all samples (n=471) weighted for the Indian rice crop was 74.05+43.28 kg/ha. Keywords Rice-ecosystems . Methane emission . Rice categories . Remote sensing
V. Beri Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
K. V. Rao Directorate of Rice Research, ICAR, Hyderabad, India e-mail: [email protected]
The rice land is linked to the climate change due to its methane emission potential. Rice cultivation has been accredited as one of the most important source of anthropogenic methane, a greenhouse gas with esti-
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mates of annual emission ranging between 29 and 61 Tg/yr, representing 8.5–10.9% of total emission from all sources. (Crutzen 1995; Houghton et al. 1995; IPCC 2002). Rice ecology plays a significant role in methane emission. The systems of growing rice and associated soil and crop management practices that have evolved are varied and complex. The term rice ecology is introduced from the environmental conditions in which rice is grown. In India, irrigated rice constitutes only 46.2% of the area while other ecologies account for the rest (rainfed shallow2
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