Emission of Carbon Dioxide and Methane in Gas Industry Impacted Ecosystems
The paper results showed that in field studies in gas industry impacted tundra ecosystems the positive relationship between the level of atmospheric pollutants and the rate of emission as carbon dioxide and methane from zonal ecosystem has not been establ
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Abstract The paper results showed that in field studies in gas industry impacted tundra ecosystems the positive relationship between the level of atmospheric pollutants and the rate of emission as carbon dioxide and methane from zonal ecosystem has not been established. The values of fluxes of these greenhouse gases confirm the high spatial and temporal variability of the studied parameters for tundra ecosystems and are consistent with the literature data. Average (over study period) CO2 flow value was 158 mg CO2/m2/h. This value lies within the emission of carbon dioxide received for tundra ecosystems of Western Zemlya and Taimyr tundra. Flow of methane was characterized by a low rate of emission, averaging 0.063 mg CH4/ m2/h, which indicates the absence of significant sources of methane in the studied soils. Therefore, in the given conditions was not marked remarkable changes in the biogeochemical cycle of carbon. Keywords Emission of carbon dioxide and methane • Gas industry impacted tundra ecosystems • Carbon biogeochemical cycle
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Introduction
The flow of carbon dioxide and methane, as the major greenhouse gases, from the soil into the atmosphere or into the soil from the atmosphere depends on the activity of soil microorganisms and plants in the case of carbon dioxide. From the resultant speed of processes for the uptake and release of carbon-containing gases “from” and
V.N. Bashkin (*) Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation Institute of Natural Gases and Gas Technologies—Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC, Razvilka, Moscow Region 142719, Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected] P.A. Barsukov Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630099, Russian Federation © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 V.N. Bashkin (ed.), Biogeochemical Technologies for Managing Pollution in Polar Ecosystems, Environmental Pollution 26, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41805-6_5
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V.N. Bashkin and P.A. Barsukov
“to” biogeochemical system “soil–plants” we can conclude, whether or not a particular terrestrial ecosystem is a source or a sink of carbon. In the first case we note a net emissions, in the second—sequestration. In biogeochemical cycle of carbon against carbon dioxide processes such as photosynthesis by plants and some representatives of the soil microbiota provide a sink for atmospheric carbon, and respiration of plant roots and heterotrophic soil respiration is its emission from the soil. Similarly, in the case of methane multidirectional processes are responsible for its balance in Arctic ecosystems. There are ecological relations between climate characteristics and processes of production and consumption of methane in natural ecosystems and major affecting factors are vegetation, evapotranspiration and evaporation (Bashkin et al. 2012). The interaction of environmental factors affects the temperature and soil moisture, and therefore, t
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