Microbial community structure of Arctic seawater as revealed by pyrosequencing
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Microbial community structure of Arctic seawater as revealed by pyrosequencing LI Yang1, 2, WANG Zhen1, 2, LIN Xuezheng1, 2* 1 The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
Received 9 March 2015; accepted 7 August 2015 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the microbial community structure of seawater in (ICE-1) and out (FUBIAO) of the pack ice zone in the Arctic region. Approximate 10 L seawater was filtrated by 0.2 μm Whatman nuclepore filters and the environmental genomic DNA was extracted. We conducted a detailed census of microbial communities by pyrosequencing. Analysis of the microbial community structures indicated that these two samples had high bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic diversity. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the two dominant members of the bacterioplankton community in both samples, and their relative abundance were 51.29% and 35.39%, 72.95% and 23.21%, respectively. Euryarchaeota was the most abundant archaeal phylum, and the relative abundance was nearly up to 100% in FUBIAO and 60% in ICE-1. As for the eukaryotes, no_rank_Eukaryota, Arthropoda and no_rank_Metazoa were the most abundant groups in Sample FUBIAO, accounting for 85.29% of the total reads. The relative abundance of the most abundant phylum in Sample ICE-1, no_rank_Eukaryota and no_rank_Metazoa, was up to 90.69% of the total reads. Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the top three abundant classes in the two samples at the bacterial class level. There were also differences in the top ten abundant bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic OTUs at the level of 97% similarity between the two samples. Key words: Arctic seawater, pyrosequencing, microbial community Citation: Li Yang, Wang Zhen, Lin Xuezheng. 2016. Microbial community structure of Arctic seawater as revealed by pyrosequencing. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 35(6): 78–84, doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0742-4
1 Introduction Marine microbes are essential for the functioning of marine ecosystems, yet the extent of their diversity are various (Azam and Malfatti, 2007; Pedrós-Alió, 2006). The early approach of direct cultivation to identify marine microbes gave very low estimates of diversity and abundance. The rapid development of molecular tools greatly changed our perception of microbial diversity, revealing that only a very small fraction of microorganisms were detected by culture (Rappé and Giovannoni, 2003). The Arctic region contains various distinct habitats for microorganisms such as oceanic water, sea-ice, glacial ice, permafrost, tundra wetl and s, subglacial soil, periglacial soil, tundra soil, etc. (Reddy et al., 2009). Atmospheric and oceanic processes are directly affected by the increasing global temperatures and the Arctic has been the most severely impacted region to date (Screen and Simmonds, 2010). A long-term tren
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