Genetic Structure of Amphioctopus ovulum (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) as Revealed by Mitochondrial and Nuclear D
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Genetic Structure of Amphioctopus ovulum (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) as Revealed by Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Faiz Muhammad 1,2 & Canfeng Dou 1 & Liqin Liu 1 & Gong Li 1 & Punhal Lashari 1,3 & Zhen-ming Lü 1 Received: 17 April 2019 / Revised: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Amphioctopus ovulum is an important species found along the China coast distributed from the East China Sea to the South China Sea. This is the first study about the population structure and diversity carried out for this species in the China Sea. Two mitochondrial DNA genes Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and Cytochrome b (CO1 & Cytb) and one nuclear DNA gene (Heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) were used to assess the genetic structure among four populations spanning the eastern to southern regions of the Chinese coast. Fragments of 568, 831, and 836 bp in length, representing three genes (CO1, Cytb, and HSP-70) were amplified from 105,106 and 106 individuals, respectively. Overall, CO1 (“Hd” 0.579; “n” 0.00152), Cytb (“Hd” 0.610; “n” 0.00130) and HSP-70 (“Hd” 0.925; “n” 0.00652) showed high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. All three genes revealed lower molecular variance among populations and higher variance within populations. Relatively lower FST values were obtained for CO1 ( FST=0.00357 to 0.1641), Cytb (FST=0.00522 to 0.01959), HSP-70 (FST=0.00498 to 0.08504) which indicated low genetic variation among populations. The phylogenetic analysis does not separate four populations. The network analysis revealed the occurrence of the main haplotype (H1 (mtDNA)) and (H2 HSP-70) shared by all populations and many secondary haplotypes originated from the principal for all the three markers. These results will enhance our understanding of A.ovulum to allow better exploitation, protection, and management of this species. Keywords Amphioctopus ovulum . Absence of genetic structure . mtDNA and Nuclear genes . China coast
Introduction Amphioctopus ovulum is an important species found along the China coast distributed from the East China Sea to the South China Sea. It belongs to class Cephalopoda which comprises 700 living species (Strugnell et al. 2009). The Octopodidae of the order Octopoda is the largest family that contains 200 species including Octopus wolfi which mature at < 1 g weight and giant Enteroctopsu dofleini (Norman 2000; Faiz Muhammad and Canfeng Dou contributed equally to this work. * Zhen-ming Lü [email protected] 1
National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
2
Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
3
Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Norman and Hochberg 2005). Amphioctopus ovulum dwells in benthic and shallow waters. Its exploitation from the Fujian area is relatively higher than the East China Sea (Zhong et al. 1999). The previous investigations o
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