MicroRNA biogenesis in plant
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REVIEW PAPER
MicroRNA biogenesis in plant Zihan Gao1 · Jingtao Nie1 · Huasen Wang1 Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of endogenous non-coding small RNA, with a length of 20 to 24 nt, represses their target gene expression post-transcriptionally. There are a growing number of studies have discovered that miRNAs are found in animals and plants. Plant miRNAs are involved in growth and development, and they play an important role in physiological and biochemical regulation. This review mainly focuses on components of different miRNA processing pathways and how miRNA effectors inhibit the expression of target genes in plants. We discuss not only the various pathways affecting miRNA biogenesis, but also the different forms of miRNA effector pathways. Previous studies found that there have been some primary advances in the formation of miRNAs, we hope to provide a comprehensive introduction to the biogenesis of plant miRNAs. Keywords Plant miRNAs · Biogenesis · Processing · Protein
Introduction MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of eukaryotic endogenous non-coding small RNAs with a length of about 20 to 24 nt, which do not encode proteins and have no open reading frame. In 1993, the first members of miRNA, lin-4 and let-7, were found in Caenorhabditis elegans, and they were demonstrated to influence the expression of the target nuclear lin-14 through post-transcription and translation inhibition, thereby affecting the transition from larval L1 development to L2 (Lee et al. 1993; Wightman et al. 1993; Reinhart et al. 2000). Since then, a large number of miRNAs have been found in many plant species, including Solanum lycopersicum, Zea mays, Elettaria cardamomum Maton, Nicotiana tabacum, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa et al. These miRNAs have been shown to play a vital role in the plant Zihan Gao and Jingtao Nie have equally contribute to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00654-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Huasen Wang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
development and growth, as well as biological and abiotic stress physiology (Voinnet 2009; Silva et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2015a,2016; Ma et al. 2015; Yu et al. 2015,2017a; Feng et al. 2016; Leng et al. 2017; Lotfi et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2019; Feng et al. 2020; Yang et al. 2020; Lakhwani et al. 2020). Like most mRNAs, MIR genes (genes encoding miRNA) are also transcribed by DNAdependent RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and then undergo a series of transcriptional modifications including splicing of the 5′ cap and 3′ polyadenylation to form primary transcript pri-miRNAs (Kurihara et al. 2004; Kim et al. 2011). These pri-miRNAs containing partially complementa
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