Using sowing date management to promote micronutrient quality and alleviate cadmium accumulation in rice grains
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Using sowing date management to promote micronutrient quality and alleviate cadmium accumulation in rice grains Lin‑lin Shi1,2,5 · Ming‑xing Shen2 · Hong‑jun Wu3 · Chang‑ying Lu2,5 · Li‑juan Mei4 · Xin‑lian Zhu2,5 · Hai‑hou Wang2,5 · Yun‑Sheng Song2 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract Rice micronutrients and toxic metal levels are important quality issues impacting “hidden hunger” and food safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing date (SD) on element accumulations in rice grains. We conducted a rice SD experiment every 7 days from May 10 to June 21 in 2017 and 2018 using 2 japonica (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. The rice yields were determined, and 19 element contents in the grains were measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analysis of variance indicated that early SD significantly promoted the rice yields and the micronutrient (i.e., Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) levels in grains. However, early SD also significantly increased Cr and Pb contents but significantly limited Cd accumulations in rice grains. Anyway, the element contents of all determined samples satisfied the requirements of maximum permissible concentrations (GB2762–2012) in this uncontaminated area. Redundancy analysis indicated that temperature and precipitation were the main meteorological drivers of element accumulations. Meanwhile, Cd accumulation was simultaneously affected by the antagonism of Fe/Zn. Thus, we concluded that SD management could be a feasible strategy for promoting micronutrient quality of rice grains and further alleviating Cd accumulations when aiming at high yields. Keywords Sowing date (SD) · Rice yield and quality · Element accumulation · Micronutrients · Toxic elements
Introduction Communicated by J. Zhang. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00094-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lin‑lin Shi [email protected] * Hai‑hou Wang [email protected] 1
College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
2
Research Center of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Institute of Agricultural Science in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou 215000, China
3
Yangzhou Agricultural Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Yangzhou 225000, China
4
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
5
National Soil Quality Observation Experiment Station in Xiangcheng, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
Rice is a staple food that provides approximately 20% of the world’s dietary energy supply (FAO), and it is particularly important staple food in East and Southeast Asia. Rice also has vital roles in supplying daily micronutrients, e.g., iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), which can affect mental and immune development (Zygiel and Nolan 2019). Meanwhile, micronutrient deficiency or “hidden hunger” is a potential risk for human health (Shekhar 2013). Toxic elements in
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