Modification of Adansonia digitata Cellulose by Hydroxamic Acid: a Promising Resource for Removing Pb (II) Ions from Wat
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Modification of Adansonia digitata Cellulose by Hydroxamic Acid: a Promising Resource for Removing Pb (II) Ions from Water Adewale Adewuyi 1 Received: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020/ # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
Developing cheap and affordable materials for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions such as Pb (II) ions from water is a challenge. In response to this, this work evaluated the synthesis and use of hydroxamic acid modified Adansonia digitata cellulose (ADHX) as a useful resource for the removal of Pb (II) ions from water. ADHX was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), zeta potential, Particle Size Dispersion (PSD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The sorption of Pb (II) ions on ADHX follows the pseudo-second order model, intra-particle diffusion and Liquid film diffusion kinetic models. The adsorption capacity of ADHX was found to be 18.00 mg g−1, which fitted well for Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich isotherms. PSD revealed ADHX to be monomodal while Gibb’s free energy change (ΔGo) suggests a non-spontaneous process. The negative nature of enthalpy change (ΔHo, −69.774 kJ mol−1) shows that the process is exothermic while entropy change (ΔSo, −0.214 kJ mol−1) suggests a stable configuration of Pb (II) ions on the surface of ADHX. However, the desorption studies revealed a possible regeneration of ADHX with a desorption capacity of 68.75% in 0.01 M NaNO3 while quantum chemical computation using Density Functional Theory (DFT) revealed the mechanism of sorption to be via ionic interaction. This study revealed ADHX to be a promising resource for removing Pb (II) ions from water.
Keywords Adansonia digitate . Adsorption . Biosorbent . Heavy metal . Isotherm
* Adewale Adewuyi [email protected]
1
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun state, Nigeria
Adewuyi A.
1 Introduction Water pollution by chemical compounds is an environmental challenge. The pollution may be caused by human activities, which leads to the generation of domestic and industrial wastes. When these wastes get into the environment, they become pollutants, especially when they get into the water system. Some of these are responsible for the pollution of surface and groundwater in several countries of the world, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. Pollution of surface and groundwater makes access to clean drinking water difficult. Contamination of rivers and streams in developing countries is a common problem, which makes the provision of potable drinking water a challenge. An effort has been made in the past to mitigate contamination by employing different techniques like oxidation, filtration, adsorption, catalysis, electrochemistry, photo-degradation and phytoremediation (Merganpour et al. 2015; Babu et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2016; Ravulapalli and Kunta 2017); however, these approaches have shortcom
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