Molecular Endocrinology Methods and Protocols
Over the course of the last hundred years, the field of endocrinology has received ever-increasing attention. Research and developing technologies have resulted in a significant leap in our understanding of the causes and treatment of endocrine dysfunctio
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IN
M O L E C U L A R B I O L O G Y TM
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651
Molecular Endocrinology Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Ok-Kyong Park-Sarge and Thomas E. Curry, Jr. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Editors Ok-Kyong Park-Sarge Department of Physiology University of Kentucky College of Medicine 800 Rose Street MS-508 Albert B. Chandler Medical Center Lexington KY 40536-0298 USA [email protected]
Thomas E. Curry, Jr. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Division of Reproductive Endocrinology University of Kentucky 800 Rose Street C-355 Albert B. Chandler Medical Center Lexington KY 40536-0293 USA [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60327-377-0 e-ISBN 978-1-60327-378-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-378-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009935058 # Humana Press, a part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover illustration: Chapter 4 Figure 1C Printed on acid-free paper springer.com
Preface Endocrinology is classically defined as the study of the biosynthesis, storage, chemistry, and physiological function of hormones. The origins of this discipline can be traced as far back as 200 BC when the Chinese isolated sex and pituitary hormones from human urine and used them for medicinal purposes (Temple, Robert, The Genius of China). There were many early descriptions of substances (i.e., hormones) emanating from animal and human organs (Rolleston, 1937 Br Med J1(3984):1033–1036) however, the term ‘‘endocrine’’ and ‘‘endocrinology’’ did not appear in common usage until the mid- to late 1800 s. In 1902, Bayliss and Starling first defined a hormone as a chemical that must be produced by an organ, released into the blood, and transported by the blood to a distant organ to exert its specific function. Since this early description of a ho
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