Molecular Imaging Methods and Protocols
In recent years, molecular imaging techniques have grown to be invaluable tools for molecular biology research and, to a more modest extent, clinical medicine. In Molecular Imaging: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers explore the latest advances in
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MO L E C U L A R BI O L O G Y
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651
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Molecular Imaging Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Khalid Shah Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Editor Dr. Khalid Shah Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, 02129-2060, USA [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60761-900-0 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-901-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-901-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935924 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface From the first development of radioactive tracers in the early 1930s, it would take almost seven more decades for molecular imaging to evolve into a mature field of research. Since then, however, molecular imaging techniques have advanced and become invaluable tools for molecular biology research and – to a more modest extent – clinical medicine. Molecular imaging abandons the canonical imaging paradigm of detecting morphological contrasts and aims to explore the dynamics of molecules indicative of physiology and disease in a qualitative and quantitative manner. It allows longitudinal, noninvasive visualization of biological processes at the sub-cellular level, typically but not necessarily through the use of reporters with strong binding affinity to the molecular targets of interest. It follows from this rather unrestrictive definition that molecular imaging is not limited to specific image-capture methods but includes optical (near-infrared and visible spectrum fluorescence, bioluminesc
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