Biomolecule-derived Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticle as Bioimaging Probe
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.80
Biomolecule-derived Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticle as Bioimaging Probe Haydar Ali, Santu Ghosh and Nikhil R. Jana* Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India *E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Nanomaterials have broad application potential in biomedical and environmental science. Engineered nanomaterials are required to explore such potential. Among them carbon-based fluorescent nanoparticles offer promising alternative of conventionally used semiconductor nanocrystals, as they do not have heavy metals and associated toxicity issues. We are developing synthetic methods for high quality fluorescent carbon nanoparticle, suitable for biological staining and diagnostics. Here we focus on synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticle from biomolecules, exploiting the conventionally used nucleation-growth conditions for synthesis of high quality nanocrystals such as quantum dot and metal oxides. We have shown that high quality fluorescent carbon nanoparticle can be synthesized from folic acid, riboflavin and lactose and they can be used as non-toxic bio-imaging probe.
INTRODUCTION Fluorescent carbon nanoparticle (FCN) emerges as new generation fluorescent materials suitable for various biomedical applications [1, 2, 3]. Variety of approaches is developed with tunable emission and they have been applied in wide range biomedical and other applications. Current research focus on understanding the origin of fluorescence of FCN [ 4, 5, 6], synthetic approaches in making red or NIR emitting FCN [ 7, 8, 9, 10], appropriate functionalization of FCN towards various applications [11, 12, 13] and deriving novel composite materials for various unique applications [14]. We work on synthesis and functionalization of nanoparticle toward various biomedical applications [15]. We have developed FCN-based various functional nanoparticle although most of them emit in blue/green region [16, 17, 18]. Recently we have reported red emitting FCN and one step coating-functionalization approach [18]. However, the fluorescence quantum yield of FCN decreases significantly to the value of ~ 3 %, during the surface chemistry exercise [18]. We presume that defective surface states are formed during synthetic steps and synthetic methods need to be improved further. In addition functionalization of FCN needs to be advanced. Towards this direction we are trying to exploit the nucleation-growth conditions used for synthesis of high quality nanocrystals such as quantum dot and metal oxides [19, 20]. In particular we try to exploit the injection approach of precursors at high temperature for rapid nucleation and to quench the growth of carbon nanoparticle by rapid cooling. In addition we investigate the
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