Monitoring of pollution in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey by striped red mullet ( Mullus surmuletus )
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Monitoring of pollution in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey by striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) Azra Bozcaarmutlu & Canan Sapmaz & Gizem Kaleli-Can & Sema Turna & Zuleyha Aygun & Emel Arinç
Received: 31 December 2019 / Accepted: 19 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) is an economically important demersal fish species. In this study, our aim was to monitor the pollution in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey using striped red mullet as a bioindicator species. Fish samples were caught from four different locations in the western Black Sea coast of Turkey in 2006, 2009–2011, and 2016. Highly elevated cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)–related 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities were measured in striped red mullet caught from Zonguldak Harbor in all of the sampling years. The lowest EROD activities were measured in fish samples caught from Kefken. In addition to the EROD activity measurements, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, and catalase activities were also measured in the striped red mullet samples. Higher GST and catalase activities were measured in the striped red mullet samples caught from Zonguldak Harbor than from Kefken A. Bozcaarmutlu (*) : C. Sapmaz : G. Kaleli-Can : S. Turna : Z. Aygun Department of Chemistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] E. Arinç Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Present Address: G. Kaleli-Can Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir, Turkey
in 2016. These results indicate that the striped red mullet is responsive to CYP1A inducer pollutants. This study covers intermittent measurements of the biomonitoring data from the striped red mullet caught around the western Black Sea coast of Turkey, over a 10-year period. Keywords Biomonitoring . Bioindicator . Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) . 7- Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) . Pollution . Striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus)
Introduction The striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758) is a member of the Mullidae family. It is found in the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. It lives in shallow waters with sandy bottoms and feeds on crustaceans and mollusks (Labropoulou et al. 1997; Kostak and Tokaç 2018). It is an economically important fish and widely consumed in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. There have only been a few studies focusing on the effects of environmental pollution on the striped red mullet. One such study determined the metallothionein and metal ion contents in the striped red mullet (Filipovic and Raspor 2003). The striped red mullet has been used as a sentinel organism in the determination of some biomarker responses to pollution in Cyprus (Tsangaris et al. 2016). In another study, it has been used in the analysis of microplastics and their effects on
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antioxidant enzyme activities (Alomar et al. 2017)
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