Nanoparticle-Decorated Surfaces for the Study of Cell-Protein-Substrate Interactions
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Nanoparticle-Decorated Surfaces for the Study of Cell-Protein-Substrate Interactions Jake D. Ballard1,4, Ludovico M. Dell’Acqua-Bellavitis2,4, Rena Bizios3,4, and Richard W. Siegel1,4 1 Materials Science & Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA. 2 Engineering Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA. 3 Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA. 4 Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA. ABSTRACT The present study was motivated by the need for accurately-controlled and wellcharacterized novel biomaterial formulations for the study of cell-protein-material interactions. For this purpose, the current research has focused on the design, fabrication and characterization of model native oxide-coated silicon surfaces decorated with silica nanoparticles of select sizes, and has examined the adhesion of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on these nanoparticle-decorated surfaces. The results demonstrate the capability to deposit nanoparticles of select diameters and substrate surface coverage onto native silicon oxide-coated silicon, the firm attachment of these nanoparticles to the underlying native silicon oxide, and that nanoparticle size and coverage modulate adhesion of osteoblasts and fibroblasts to these substrates. The material formulations tested provide a well-controlled and well-characterized set of model substrates needed to study the effects of nanoscale features on the functions of cells that are critical to the clinical fate of implantable biomaterials. INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that the presence and size of nanoscale features on a material surface affect protein interactions [1] and thus subsequently modulate the functions of different cell types in specific manners [1,2]. For example, osteoblast adhesion is selectively enhanced on nanophase alumina, titania, and hydroxyapatite while fibroblast adhesion is suppressed on these materials [3]. However, definitive studies on the influences of size and distribution of nanoscale surface features on cell functions have not yet been conducted. In particular, the effects of nanoscale feature size and distribution on the type, amount, and conformation of biologically adhesive proteins adsorbing to a surface have not yet been systematically studied. The present work has begun to address these issues. Surfaces decorated with silica nanoparticles of specific sizes were fabricated, substrate coverage by nanoparticles was quantified, and subsequently the stability of particle attachment to the underlying substrate was assessed. Finally, nanoparticledecorated surfaces were utilized as substrates to investigate the adhesion of osteoblast and fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Substrates Native oxide-coated silicon (Silicon Quest Interantional, Inc.) pieces (10 mm square) were degreased and cleaned by soaking and sonicating in acetone for 10 minutes each, rinsing three
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times in deionized water, soaking and sonicating in 70% ethanol (Aaper)
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