Near Optimum Random Routing of Uniformly Load Balanced Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Connectivity Matrix
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Near Optimum Random Routing of Uniformly Load Balanced Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Connectivity Matrix Vahid Rahmati1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are ad hoc networks usually made up of miniaturized autonomous units called sensor nodes that communicate in between by radio links. The WSN has attracted a lot of interests for scientific research, particularly because of new problems of routing under strong constraints of network lifetime and low processing capacity of the nodes. Many algorithms for routing such networks are proposed that are generally either network structured or protocol operated. This paper implies that regardless of routing algorithms studied and developed already in literature, all of the WSNs can be routed efficiently in long term if they are employed with uniformly distributed load balancing mechanisms reducing nodes failures in the neighborhood of sink node. To show this, first a WSN is modeled and distribution of nodes is illustrated using a defined overall point factor. Next, an algorithm is developed and simulated the underlying WSN model. Finally, near optimum solutions with their efficiency factors are extracted to deduce that it is possible to quickly route uniformly load balanced networks by random searching of a tiny margin of solutions space. Keywords Wireless sensor networks · Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) · Network routing · Optimal routing
1 Introduction Progress in wireless networks has contributed to the evolution of the internet by facilitating access to users regardless of their geographical positions [27]. Evolution in the field of wireless communications and mobile computing is gaining popularity and mobile components are becoming very common. Like many technologies, the WSNs were first employed for military purposes such as surveillance on battlefield [28]. Then, they found their way toward civilian applications as well. Today, WSNs without a doubt have become a key technology for different types of smart environments [17, 23]. For example, nowadays, they help us to have a good home security system. These networks are of particular importance when a large number of sensor nodes must be deployed * Vahid Rahmati [email protected] 1
Ayandeh Samin Electronics and ICDST, Tehran, Iran
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in critical conditions—i.e., for management of disasters, a large number of sensors can be dropped by a helicopter. These sensors can help carry out rescue operations by locating survivors, identifying areas at risk, or to inform rescue team. This request for the WSN not only increases effectiveness of rescue operations, but also ensures safety of rescue team [5].
1.1 Ad Hoc Networks An ad hoc network, also named as mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is a kind of network with a topology that does not have any predetermined form (infrastructure) or centralized administration topology. Unlike networks supporting cellular communication, these are units (sensors)
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