Oil Spill Simulation and Analysis of Its Behavior Under the Effect of Weathering and Chemical Dispersant: a Case Study o
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Oil Spill Simulation and Analysis of Its Behavior Under the Effect of Weathering and Chemical Dispersant: a Case Study of the Bacia de Campos—Brazil Daniel Henriques Alves Torres & Fabricio da Costa Dias & Bruna Russo Bahiana & Assed Naked Haddad & Christine Kowal Chinelli & Carlos Alberto Pereira Soares
Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Offshore oil spills are a critical form of marine pollution, requiring researchers to mitigate their impacts. In this sense, this paper contributes to a better understanding of oil behavior after spillage and the improvement of contingency measures. Using Bacia de Campos as the study area, which accounts for approximately 32% of daily oil and gas production in Brazil, information regarding the properties of light, medium, and heavy oils, seawater, wind and wave weather conditions, and oil spill characteristics was used to perform simulations to identify the percentage of oil remaining after the offshore spill and the effectiveness of the chemical dispersant in dispersing this oil. The results show that after the weathering simulation, on average, 55% of the spilled oil remains at sea in dispersed and remaining form and that the use of chemical
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04857-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. D. H. A. Torres : F. da Costa Dias : A. N. Haddad : C. K. Chinelli : C. A. P. Soares (*) Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ 24210-240, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] B. R. Bahiana Celso Suckow da Fonseca Federal Centre of Technological Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20271-110, Brazil A. N. Haddad Programa de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
dispersant under the conditions defined in this study did not result in significant oil removal. Keywords Marine pollution . Oil spill . Oil spill simulation . Chemical dispersant . Environmental impact
1 Introduction Spills of crude oil and their derivatives are a major environmental problem and are considered a critical form of marine pollution (Alpers and Espedal 2004; Cheng et al. 2011; ITOPF 2020; Guo 2017). The resulting environmental disasters cause short- and long-term impacts on the environment, which may extend to socioeconomic activities (Baker et al. 1993; Verma et al. 2008; OPEC 2020). The actions to clean up marine waters affected by oil aim to reduce the scope and environmental and socio-economic impacts. However, the results are usually slower and less effective than desired, mainly because in the marine environment, the natural weathering processes cause the original characteristics of oil to be modified, mainly due to its physicalchemical characteristics and meteoceanographic conditions of the spill area. Approximately 47% of the oil present in the ocean (about 600,000 metric tons) flows slowly into the ocean annually throu
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