Optimization of low-temperature energy-efficient pretreatment for enhanced saccharification and fermentation of Conocarp
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Optimization of low-temperature energy-efficient pretreatment for enhanced saccharification and fermentation of Conocarpus erectus leaves to produce ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Omama Rehman 1,2 & Ayesha Shahid 2 & Chen-Guang Liu 3 & Jian-Ren Xu 3 & Muhammad Rizwan Javed 2 & Neveen Hassan Eid 4 & Munazza Gull 4 & Muhammad Nawaz 1 & Muhammad Aamer Mehmood 2,3 Received: 16 July 2019 / Revised: 7 October 2019 / Accepted: 10 October 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Leaves of Conocarpus erectus are potential feedstock for bioethanol production due to their lower lignin and higher cellulosic content and are among one of the least explored biomass sources. The present study reported a low-temperature (90 °C) energyefficient pretreatment method for the release of fermentable sugars from C. erectus leaves and its conversion into bioethanol by using industrial and lab yeast strains. Optimization of process parameters was performed by monitoring glucose utilization and ethanol production. The maximum glucose concentration of 12 g L−1 and 19.75 g L−1 were obtained after the low-temperature (90 °C) pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification, respectively. The optimum enzymatic assay conditions were with 10% biomass and enzyme loading of 30 FPU/g cellulose, resulting in the release of ~ 20 g L−1 of glucose from pretreated biomass which is equivalent to the glucose concentration in standard growth media. Hydrolysate fermentation by S. cerevisiae strains SPSC01, ER, YB2625, and 6525 exhibited highest ethanol yields of 0.47 g g−1 and 0.46 g g−1 which is the highest ever reported for C. erectus even under acetic acid stress, where a fermentation efficiency of 92.3% was achieved. The present study may lead to establishing low-cost, energy-efficient biological conversion of C. erectus to ethanol. Keywords Low-temperature pretreatment . C. erectus . Fermentation efficiency . Bioethanol . S. cerevisiae
1 Introduction Ethanol, being a green solvent, has vast industrial applications but mainly spikes the interest as a transport fuel due to its Omama Rehman and Ayesha Shahid contributed equally in this paper. * Muhammad Nawaz [email protected] * Muhammad Aamer Mehmood [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2
Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
3
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
4
Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
environmental and energy security potential over petroleum fuel. Other features like high octane number (103), the high heat of vaporization (907 J/g), and low cetane number also make it an attractive choice as an alt
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