PDMS/ceramic composite membrane synthesis and evaluation of ciprofloxacin removal efficiency
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
PDMS/ceramic composite membrane synthesis and evaluation of ciprofloxacin removal efficiency Debarati Mukherjee*,**, Srila Banerjee*,**, Sourja Ghosh*,**,†, and Swachchha Majumdar** *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, India **Ceramic Membrane Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja SC Mullick road, Kolkata 700032, India (Received 28 January 2020 • Revised 2 June 2020 • Accepted 8 June 2020) AbstractThe present study employs an unexplored, one-step route for remediation of ciprofloxacin, an emerging contaminant, using hydrophobically modified ceramic membranes. Hydrophobic interaction between the membrane and the target contaminant, i.e., ciprofloxacin, is the governing factor responsible for its removal. The hydrophilic surface of hollow, single channel, macroporous clay-alumina membranes was made hydrophobic using cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane. The influencing parameters--concentration of polymer, cross-linking agent, catalyst and coating time--were optimized by Taguchi analysis to yield a membrane with enhanced ciprofloxacin rejection and high permeate flux. The synthesized membrane was characterized for its contact angle, clean water permeability, degree of swelling, degree of cross-linking, X-Ray diffraction, atomic fluorescence microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy. Effect of various operating parameters--cross flow velocity, transmembrane pressure, filtration time, solution pH--was investigated upon removal of ciprofloxacin in cross flow membrane filtration. Maximum rejection of 99.3% was obtained by the hydrophobic membrane having contact angle of 138.5o for 5 mg/L feed solution. The stability of the membrane was judged in terms of change in ciprofloxacin rejection upon filtration for five consecutive cycles, each cycle being 180 min. The developed PDMS/ceramic composite membranes could have great prospect for longterm application in removal of emerging contaminants from water. Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Polydimethylsiloxane, Hydrophobic, Taguchi, Ceramic Membranes
L concentration was detected in effluent of WWTP [9]. The concentration of the antibiotic was found to be as high as 6.5 mg/L in river water [10] and about 50 mg/L in pharmaceutical plant wastewater [7]. In India, about 31 mg/L ciprofloxacin was detected in the effluent of WWTP [11]. Ciprofloxacin contaminated wastewater was found to adversely affect human health and aquatic flora and fauna. It may restrain the photosynthesis process in plants, thus causing a severe ecological imbalance [12]. Hence, remediation of ciprofloxacin from discharge streams has become a topic of major concern. Various potential approaches have been employed for remediation of ciprofloxacin from water. This includes conventional methods like adsorption, biodegradation, activated sludge process, ozonation [7,13-15], as well as advanced separation techniques: photocatalytic
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