Phenotypic evaluation of elite spring bread wheat genotypes for hybrid potential traits
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Phenotypic evaluation of elite spring bread wheat genotypes for hybrid potential traits Samira El Hanafi Wuletaw Tadesse
. Najib Bendaou . Zakaria Kehel . Miguel Sanchez-Garcia .
Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Wheat breeding has significantly contributed to enhancing yield potential and stability. However, one of the most promising technologies for further sustainable yield increases, hybrid wheat, is still limited due to lack of well-established heterotic groups and insufficient heterosis to compensate cost of hybrid seed production. Thus, optimizing the appropriate parents and combinations of floral and flowering traits is important to enhance outcrossing ability. Phenotyping methods for floral and flowering traits were applied in this study. Wide phenotypic variation was observed for all the traits assessed. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for anther extrusion, pollen mass, duration of floret opening, and openness of florets were observed. Ideally, visual anther extrusion and pollen shedding appear as
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02695-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. El Hanafi (&) Z. Kehel M. Sanchez-Garcia W. Tadesse International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat-Institutes, B.P. 6299, Rabat, Morocco e-mail: [email protected] S. El Hanafi N. Bendaou Physiology Plant Biotechnology Unit, Bio-bio Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
promising traits allowing indirect selection of other associated floral traits, such as pollen mass and duration and degree of floret opening. Adopting these two traits in further selection will allow scoring of large numbers of genotypes in a very short time. Keywords Female ideotype Flowering traits Hybrid seed production Hybrid wheat Male ideotype
Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main staple crops in the world and demand for wheat is almost synonymous with demand for food. Worldwide, wheat is the primary source of calories for millions of people, accounting for around 28% of cereals used as food (FAOSTAT 2014). Globally, wheat is grown on more than 220 million hectares with annual production likely to reach 750 million tons (FAOSTAT 2018). Despite remarkable progress in wheat productivity, greater efforts need to be made to cope with an everincreasing world population growth that will reach 9.8 billion by 2050. Global wheat production needs to increase by 2% annually to meet escalating demands. Over the years, wheat breeding has significantly contributed to enhancing yield potential and stability. Comparing the 1961–1965 and 2013–2017 periods, average yield rose from 1.18 to 3.15 t/ha, and wheat
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production increased from 247 to 741 million tons (
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