Philosophy and Cognitive Science: Categories, Consciousness, and Reasoning
PHILOSOPHY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCE: CATEGORIES, CONSCIOUSNESS, AND REASONING The individual man, since his separate existence is manifested only by ignorance and error, so far as he is anything apart from his fellows, and from what he and they are to be, is
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PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES SERIES VOLUME69 Founded by Wilfrid S. Sellars and Keith Lehrer
Editor
Keith Lehrer, University 0/ Arizona, Tucson Associate Editor
Stewart Cohen, Arizona State University, Tempe Board 0/ Consulting Editors
Lynne Rudder Baker, University 0/ Massachusetts at Amherst Allan Gibbard, University 0/ Michigan Denise Meyerson, University 0/ Cape Town Ronald D. Milo, University 0/ Arizona, Tucson Fran~ois Recanati, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris
Stuart Silvers, Clemson University Nicholas D. Smith, Michigan State University
PHILOSOPHY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCE: CATEGORIES, CONSCIOUSNESS, AND REASONING Proceedings of the Second International Colloquium on Cognitive Science
Edited by
ANDYCLARK P hilosophy/N euroscience/P sychology Program, Department of Philosophy, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
JESUS EZQUERRO Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, Institutefor Logic, Cognition, Language and Information (ILCU), Universidad dei Pais Vasco/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
and
JESUS M. LARRAZABAL Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, Institutefor Logic, Cognition, Language and Information (ILCL/), Universidad dei Pais Vasco/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.Y.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Printed on acid-free paper ISBN 978-90-481-4710-6 ISBN 978-94-015-8731-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8731-0 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 All Rights Reserved © 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrech and copyright holders as specified on appropriate pages within. Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
IX
CHAPTER 1: EXTERNALISM AND EXPERIENCE Martin Davies Introduction I. 11. Perceptual Content III. The Externalist Claim IV. The Task For An Externaiist Argument Two Individualist Stances And A Dilemma For V. The Externaiist VI. Extemalism Vindicated VII. Perceptual Content And Phenomenology
12 17 24
CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS AND THE CONNECTIONIST ACCOUNT OF CONCEPTS William Ramsey Introduction I. Philosophical Investigations Of Concepts 11. III. Connectionist Accounts Of Concepts IV. Connectionism And Conceptual Analysis V. Concluding Remarks
35 35 36 41 49 53
CHAPTER 3: OF NORMS AND NEURONS Andy Clark I. Introduction!Abstract 11. Two Constraints III. Unmasking The Pretenders IV. Norms And Neural Networks V. Robots And Representations VI. Conclusions: Where Philosophy Meets Cognitive Architecture
1 1 2 6
8
59 59 60 61 63 65 67
VI
CHAPTER 4: SKEPTICISM, LUCID CONTENT AND THE METAMENTAL LOOP Keith Lehrer I. Knowledge And Evaluation 11. Coherence And The Metamental III. Coherence And Skepticism The Truth Condition IV. V. Metaknowledge And The
