PIWIL2 is overexpressed in adenomyotic lesions of women with diffuse adenomyosis
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GENERAL GYNECOLOGY
PIWIL2 is overexpressed in adenomyotic lesions of women with diffuse adenomyosis Marília M. C. Mattia1 · Alexandra C. P. Fernandes2 · Vanessa K. Genro4 · Carlos Augusto B. de Souza4 · Pedro da Rocha Olsen3 · João Sabino Cunha‑Filho1,5 Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Adenomyosis has been studied throughout the years, however, its aetiology and physiopathology are still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of PIWI proteins in women with adenomyosis. Methods We included 72 participants to be part of this study and were divided into two groups based on their anatomo‑ pathological diagnosis, control (n = 36) or adenomyosis (n = 36). All samples were tested for PIWIL1, PIWIL2 and PIWIL4 proteins by immunohistochemistry. The evaluation of protein expression was performed by the digital histological score (DHSCORE) and by the pathologist’s analysis. Results The participants had a mean age of 44.28 ± 5.76 years and 45.81 ± 4.86 years in the control and adenomyosis groups, respectively (p ≥ 0.05). Other clinical characteristics of the participants showed no statistical difference as well. PIWIL2 is highly expressed in the adenomyosis in comparison to the control group (p = 0.0001). The PIWIL1 is downregulated in the adenomyosis (p = 0.003) and PIWIL4 showed no difference in its expression (p = 0.05). Conclusion PIWIL2 might be involved in cellular survival and PIWIL1 may be downregulated due to the loss of tissue’s function and response to the hostile environment of the myometrium. This is the first time that PIWI proteins are studied in the adenomyosis. Keyword Adenomyosis · Hysterectomy · Immunohistochemistry · Protein expression · PIWI proteins
* João Sabino Cunha‑Filho [email protected] Marília M. C. Mattia [email protected] Alexandra C. P. Fernandes [email protected] Vanessa K. Genro [email protected] Carlos Augusto B. de Souza [email protected] Pedro da Rocha Olsen [email protected] 1
2
Service of Surgical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre 90035‑903, Brazil
3
School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre 90035‑003, Brazil
4
Service of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre 90035‑903, Brazil
5
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS 90035‑903, Brazil
Graduate Program in Health Science: Gynaecology and Obstetrics School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 2º andar, Porto Alegre 90035‑003, Brazil
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Introduction Adenomyosis is a benign disease that affects women in their reproductive years [1]. This disease is characterized by
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