Plant Surface Microbiology
Most plants strongly rely on the co-existence with microorganisms: both groups benefit from these symbioses. It has been shown that a large number of specific genes in plants and microorganisms are only activated during these interactions. Of course, vari
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Ajit Varma Lynette Abbott Dietrich Werner Rüdiger Hampp (Eds.)
Plant Surface Microbiology With 138 Figures, 2 in Color
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Professor Dr. Ajit Varma Director Amity Institiute of Microbial Sciences Amity University Noida 201303 UP, India email: [email protected] Professor Dr. Lynette Abbott School of Earth and Geographical Sciences The University of Western Australia Nedlands WA 6009 Australia email: [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-540-74050-6
Professor Dr. Dietrich Werner FG Zellbiologie und Angewandte Botanik Philipps Universität Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany email: [email protected] Professor Dr. Rüdiger Hampp Physiological Ecology of Plants University of Tübingen 72116 Tübingen Germany email: [email protected]
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007934913 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permissions for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004, 2008 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 5 4 3 2 1 0 – Printed on acid free paper
Preface
The complexity of plant surface microbiology is based on combinations.A large number of microbial species and genera interact with several hundred thousand species of higher plants. At the same time, they interact with each other. Therefore, this book describes only some very important model interactions which have been studied intensively over the last years.The methods developed for some important groups of microorganisms can be used for a large number of other less studied interactions and combinations. The pace of discovery has been particularly fast at two poles of biological complexity,the molecular events leading to changes in growth and differentiation, as well as the factors regulating the structure and diversity of natural populations and communities. The area of plant surfaces is enormous. A single maize plant has a leaf surface of up to 8000 cm2, a single beech tree has a leaf surface of around 4.5 million cm2. The leaf area index (LAI) varies from 0.45 in tundra areas up to 14 in areas with a dense vegetation. Calculated for all plant surfaces above ground, the surface area is more than 200 million km2. This area is still surpassed by the below ground sur
