Plastic Fuel Conversion and Characterisation: A Waste Valorization Potential for Ghana
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.127
Plastic Fuel Conversion and Characterisation: A Waste Valorization Potential for Ghana Michael Commeh1*, David Dodoo-Arhin2*, Edward Acquaye3 Isaiah Nimako Baah4, Nene Kwabla Amoatey5, James Hawkins Ephraim4, David O. Obada6, D. Pham Minh7, A. Nzihou7 1Technology Consultancy Centre, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 2Department 3Tema
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
Oil Refinery, Tema-Ghana
4Comeph
and Associates Ghana Ltd, Accra, Ghana
5Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
6Department 7 Centre
of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
RAPSODEE, CNRS, Mines Albi, Route de Teillet, 81013 Albi Cedex 09, France
Corresponding Authors: David Dodoo-Arhin ([email protected] ) and Michael Commeh ([email protected])
Abstract Plastics generally play a very important role in a plethora of industries, fields and our everyday lives. In spite of their cheapness, availability and important contributions to lives, they however, pose a serious threat to the environment due to their mostly nonbiodegradable nature. Recycling into useful products can reduce the amount of plastic waste. Thermal degradation (Pyrolysis) of plastics is becoming an increasingly important recycling method for the conversion of plastic materials into valuable chemicals and oil products. In this work, waste Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottles were thermally converted into useful gaseous and liquid products. A simple pyrolysis reactor system has been used for the conversions with the liquid product yield of 65 % at a temperature range of 400°C to 550°C. The chemical analysis of the pyrolytic oil showed the presence of functional groups such as alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids,
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esters, and phenyl ring substitution bands. The main constituents were 1-Tetradecene, 1Pentadecene, Cetene, Hexadecane, 1-Heptadecene, Heptadecane, Octadecane, Nonadecane, Eicosane, Tetratetracontane, 1-Undecene, 1-Decene). The results are promising and can be maximized by additional techniques such as hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation to obtain value-added products.
INTRODUCTION Many municipal landfills will reach the end of their life expectancy within the next decades especially in the developed world. Recycling can reduce the amount of waste relegated to landfills and increase landfill life expectancy. Plastic represents about 8 wt% of the municipal solid waste and it generally consists of mixture of different kind of plastics. This waste is difficult to be treated or recycled due to its complex nature and composition, structural deterioration
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