Acid-base-governed deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction combined with magnetic solid-phase extraction for determi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Acid-base-governed deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction combined with magnetic solid-phase extraction for determination of phenolic compounds Dezhi Yang 1,2 & Yingdong Wang 3 & Hong Li 4 & Yaling Yang 1,2 Received: 15 December 2019 / Accepted: 1 January 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A sensitive method based on the use of green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was designed for the determination of bisphenol-A, bisphenol-AF, tetrabromobisphenol-A and 4-tert.-octylphenol followed by HPLC. This method takes advantage of magnetic solid-phase extraction purification and acid-base induced DES liquid-liquid microextraction. The Mg(II)-Al(III) layered double hydroxide-coated magnetic nanoparticles were selected to purify samples. The DESs were systematically prepared by a range of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (C8-C12) and D,L-menthol. The melting point and the extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds were adjusted by changing the carbon chain length of fatty acid in suitable proportions. Acid-base induction significantly improves the extraction efficiency. The method has lower limits of detection ranging from 6 to 11 ng L−1, good linearity (0.05–500 μg L−1) and high enrichment factors (86–91). The method was successfully applied for the determination of four phenolic compounds in beverage samples. The recoveries ranged from 84.4 to 101.3%. Keywords Acid-base induction . Menthol . Fatty acids . Green solvents . Magnetic nanoparticles . Mg(II)-Al(III) layered double hydroxide
Introduction There is a large interest in identifying extraction solvents that are less toxic, environmentally benign, biodegradable and inexpensive. Two classes of green solvents have emerged, namely ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) [1]. The unique photophysical properties rendered by ILs Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-4109-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yaling Yang [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
2
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
3
College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
4
Research Institute of Product Processing, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650033, Yunnan Province, China
encourage their utilization in many branches of industry and science such as nanotechnology and chemistry [2]. DESs, a rising star in the research of new solvents, have similar characteristics and properties to ILs such as low melting point, chemical stability and high dissolution ability [3]. The concept of DES was firstly proposed by Abbott et al. [4]. DESs are composed of hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) (e.g. polyols, urea
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