Potential host range and the effect of temperature on the pathogenicity of Phytophthora pseudocryptogea and its close re
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Potential host range and the effect of temperature on the pathogenicity of Phytophthora pseudocryptogea and its close relatives D. Delshad 1 & R. Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa 1
&
B. Safaiefarahani 2
Received: 14 May 2018 / Accepted: 25 January 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Phytophthora pseudocryptogea, a member of clade 8a of the Phytophthora phylogenetic tree, was formally described in 2015 as a close relative of P. cryptogea and P. erythroseptica. The potential host range of this newly described species and its close relatives was investigated in this study. Thirty species of herbaceous plants and nine species of woody plants were inoculated and monitored for development of foliar symptoms and root rots. Also, we inoculated the detached twigs of 21 tree species, fruit of six plant species, tubers of potato, and roots of carrot and sugar beet. Our results showed P. pseudocryptogea, P. cryptogea and P. erythroseptica had different potential host ranges, though all were pathogenic on some plant species such as pistachio, tomato, potato, eggplant, spinach and clover. Additionally, some plant species were able to discriminate P. pseudocryptogea from P. cryptogea including cucumber, melon, watermelon, alfalfa, soybean, cabbage, green pepper, and rice. These plants showed susceptibility to P. pseudocryptogea and resistance to P. cryptogea. Different species showed different virulence levels on detached tree twigs; however, almost all species caused severe rot on all tested fruits, tubers and roots. Investigation of the effects of root-zone temperature on the virulence of species showed that a temperature of 20 °C in increased root rot and root colonization in P. pseudocryptogea and P. erythroseptica, while P. cryptogea caused the most root rot and colonization at 25 °C. Keywords Oomycota . virulence . root rot . temperature
Introduction Phytophthora is a major genus of plant pathogens, which can infect different plant species and lead to large economic losses (Erwin and Ribeiro 1996; Kroon et al. 2012). Based on phylogenetic studies, 12 main clades have been identified in this genus. Clade 8 is one of the largest clades in the Phytophthora phylogeny and is divided into four subclades (Blair et al. 2008; Cooke et al. 2000; Jung et al. 2017; Kroon et al. 2004; Martin et al. 2014). Phytophthora subclade 8a consists of seven described species including Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybridge and Lafferty, Phytophthora
* R. Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran
2
Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
pseudocryptogea Safaiefarahani, Mostowfizadeh, Hardy and T. I. Burgess, and Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethybridge, which are significant pathogens of economically important plants worldwide (Martin et al. 2014; Safaiefarahani et al. 2015). Phytophthora cryptogea sensu
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