Prevalence of the human papillomavirus (HPV) expression of the inner prepuce in asymptomatic boys and men
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Prevalence of the human papillomavirus (HPV) expression of the inner prepuce in asymptomatic boys and men Gerald Klinglmair • Renate Pichler • Bettina Zelger • Hasan Serkan Dogan • Tanja Becker • Johannes Esterbauer • Markus Riccabona • Wolfgang Loidl • Wolfgang Horninger • Josef Oswald
Received: 9 August 2012 / Accepted: 19 November 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence of high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) human papillomavirus (HPV) in prepuces of boys and men without any HPV related lesions. Patients and methods Between 2009 and 2011, a total collective of 250 boys and men were investigated in this prospective study. The samples were subdivided into 3 groups regarding their age, consisting of 125 (50 %) children (0–10 years), 38 (15.2 %) adolescents (11–20 years) and 87 (34.8 %) adults ([20 years). In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to detect HR and LR virus types within the epithelium, followed by microscopic interpretation and determination between episomal and integrative signal pattern.
Results Our results revealed high levels of HPV concentration (HR and LR) in all age groups: HR versus LR positivity was seen in 45.5 versus 35 % (children), 60.6 versus 63.6 % (adolescents) and 58.3 versus 48.6 % (adults). The topmost rate of HR (59.8 %)- and LR (50.6 %)-positive probes was found in the group with high estimated sexual activity ([14 years). Conclusion Concerning the high prevalence of male HPV infection even in children, indicating non-sexual transmission pathways, inclusion of boys in the vaccination program seems to be required reducing their burden of HPV related disease. Keywords HPV Circumcision STD Prepuce Vaccination
Gerald Klinglmair and Renate Pichler contributed equally to this study. G. Klinglmair R. Pichler W. Horninger J. Oswald (&) Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria e-mail: [email protected]
T. Becker M. Riccabona Department of Pediatric Urology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Linz, Austria e-mail: [email protected]
R. Pichler e-mail: [email protected]
M. Riccabona e-mail: [email protected]
W. Horninger e-mail: [email protected]
J. Esterbauer W. Loidl Department of Urology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Linz, Austria e-mail: [email protected]
B. Zelger Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria e-mail: [email protected]
W. Loidl e-mail: [email protected]
H. S. Dogan Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
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World J Urol
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection and accounts for diseases like invasive cervical cancer, genital intraepithelial neoplasias or condylomata acuminata. High-risk oncogenic HPV types (16, 18, etc.) are responsible for about 70 % of cervical cancer, whereas low-risk HPV (6, 11) causes about 90 % of anogenital w
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