Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress

This collection covers a variety of materials science topics and has contributions from leading scientists and engineers representing 8 countries and 9 international materials, metals, and minerals societies. Papers are organized into the following sectio

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The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series

Marc André Meyers Hector Alfredo Calderon Benavides Sonia P. Brühl Henry A. Colorado Elvi Dalgaard Carlos Nelson Elias Roberto B. Figueiredo Omar Garcia-Rincon Megumi Kawasaki Terence G. Langdon R.V. Mangalaraja Mery Cecilia Gomez Marroquin Adriana da Cunha Rocha Julie M. Schoenung Andre Costa e Silva Mary Wells Wen Yang •















Editors

Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress

123

Editors Marc André Meyers University of California-San Diego La Jolla, CA USA

Terence G. Langdon University of South California Los Angeles, CA USA

Hector Alfredo Calderon Benavides ESFM-IPN Mexico City Mexico

R.V. Mangalaraja University of Concepción Concepción Chile

Sonia P. Brühl UTN-National University of Technology Buenos Aires Argentina

Mery Cecilia Gomez Marroquin Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Lima Peru

Henry A. Colorado Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia

Adriana da Cunha Rocha Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Elvi Dalgaard Pratt & Whitney Canada Longueuil Canada

Julie M. Schoenung University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA USA

Carlos Nelson Elias Military Institute of Engineering Rio de Janerio Brazil

Andre Costa e Silva Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Roberto B. Figueiredo Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Mary Wells University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON Canada

Omar Garcia-Rincon Ternium Mexico SA de CV San Nicolas de los Garza Mexico

Wen Yang ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland

Megumi Kawasaki Hanyang University Seoul Korea (Republic of)

ISSN 2367-1181 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ISBN 978-3-319-52131-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9

ISSN 2367-1696 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-52132-9

(eBook)

TMS owns copyright; Springer has full publishing rights Library of Congress Control Number: 2016962043 © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains ne