Production of valuable chemicals from oil palm biomass using hot-compressed water method
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Production of valuable chemicals from oil palm biomass using hot‑compressed water method Ahmad T. Yuliansyah1 · Satoshi Kumagai2 · Tsuyoshi Hirajima3,4 · Keiko Sasaki5 Received: 11 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 June 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Oil palm industry discharges a large amount of biomass waste which can be converted into energy and chemicals. Hence, several biomass conversion methods are available, such as fermentation, pyrolysis, and gasification. In this work, the hotcompressed water method was proposed to produce valuable chemicals from oil palm biomass (oil palm fiber, shell, and empty fruit bunches). Each material was individually treated in a batch autoclave reactor at 200–300 °C for 30 min. After separation, the total organic carbon of the liquid product was measured by a Shimadzu TOC-5000A instrument, while its composition was analyzed by HPLC and GC/MC apparatus. Experimental results showed that liquid product of oil palm wastes contains various chemicals such as glucose, xylose, 5-HMF, furfural, acetic acid, formic acid, phenol, catechol, and phenol 2,6-di-methoxy. This liquid product composition was strongly dependent on the temperature treatment. In general, sugar-derived compounds (glucose, xylose, 5-HMF, furfural, acetic acid, formic acid) were primarily found in lower temperature; meanwhile, lignin-derived compounds (phenol, catechol, and phenol 2,6-di-methoxy) were mainly obtained in higher temperature. Keywords Oil palm biomass · Hot-compressed water · Sugar-derived compounds · Lignin-derived compounds
Introduction Fossil fuel, such as coal and petroleum, is the primary source for the production of various chemicals, such as phenol, benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, and ethylene. However, its reserves have progressively diminished within the last century due to the vast development of industrialization. This condition has enhanced a global search for alternative resources. Hence, biomass becomes a promising alternative owing to its sustainability and eco-friendliness. * Ahmad T. Yuliansyah [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2
Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo‑machi, Saga 840‑8502, Japan
3
Emeritus Professor, Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
4
Technical Adviser, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd, Ehime, Japan
5
Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi‑ku, Fukuoka 819‑0395, Japan
Furthermore, it is renewable and available essentially for all countries worldwide. Biomass mainly comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Agricultural waste biomass typically contains ~ 40% cellulose, 20–25% hemicellulose, and 10-20% lignin, while forestry waste contains 40–45% cellulose, 15–35% of hemicellulose and 20–35% lignin [1]. Cellulose and hemicellulose are high polyme
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