Protective effects of thymoquinone against acrylamide-induced liver, kidney and brain oxidative damage in rats
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Protective effects of thymoquinone against acrylamide-induced liver, kidney and brain oxidative damage in rats Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim 1,2 & Fatma I. Abo El-Ela 3 & Fatima K. Alshahrani 4 & May Bin-Jumah 5 & Mohammed Al-Zharani 6 & Bader Almutairi 1 & Mohamed S. Alyousif 1 & Simona Bungau 7 & Lotfi Aleya 8 & Saad Alkahtani 1 Received: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Acrylamide (AA), an industrial monomer, may cause multi-organ toxicity through induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. The antioxidant properties of thymoquinone (TQ), an active constituent of Nigella sativa, have been established before. The aim of the current study was to assess the protective effects of TQ against AA-induced toxicity in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups each of eight rats. The first group acted as a negative control and received normal saline. Groups II and III were administered TQ orally at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, for 21 days. The four group received AA (20 mg/kg b.wt.) for 14 days. The five and six groups were given TQ at either dose for 21 days, starting seven days before AA supplementation (for 14 days). Acrylamide intoxication was associated with significant (p < 0.05) increases in serum levels of liver injury biomarkers (alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, and alkaline phosphatase), renal function products (urea, creatinine), DNA oxidative damage biomarker (8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine), and pro-inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Moreover, AA intoxication was associated with increased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels, while reduced glutathione concentration and activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the liver, kidney, and brain. TQ administration normalized AA-induced changes in most serum parameters and enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the current experiment showed that TQ exerted protective and antioxidant activities against AA-induced toxicity in mice. Keywords Acrylamide . Thymoquinone . Antioxidant . Hepatotoxicity . Nephrotoxicity . Neurotoxicity
Introduction Acrylamide (AA) is an industrial monomer, used in paper packaging, water treatment, and cosmetics (Yousef and ElDemerdash 2006). It is also recognized as a by-product of deep frying and has been described as a cooking-associated
carcinogen due to its spontaneous formation during the cooking process of food (Acaroz et al. 2018). Acrylamide affects the nervous system and causes neurotoxic effects in both humans and animals. The main manifestations of AA neural toxicity in animals include hind limb foot splay, ataxia, skeletal muscle weakness, loss of sensation, and hypoactive
Responsible Editor: Philipp Gariguess * Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim [email protected] 1
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Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food
