7.2 Genetics and Gene Expression of Glycolysis

Control of the glycolytic pathway is crucial for the adaptation of the cellular and organismal energy-producing systems in development, plasticity, and environmental challenges. Lack of proper regulation of glycolysis may underlie the pathology of carcino

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Abel Lajtha (Ed.)

Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology Brain Energetics. Integration of Molecular and Cellular Processes Volume Editors: Gary E. Gibson and Gerald A. Dienel

With 198 Figures and 51 Tables

Editor Abel Lajtha Director Center for Neurochemistry Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research 140 Old Orangeburg Road Orangeburg New York, 10962 USA Volume Editors Gary E. Gibson, Ph.D. Professor of Neuroscience Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Medical College of Cornell University Burke Medical Research Institute 785 Mamaroneck Avenue White Plains, NY 10605 USA [email protected]

Gerald A. Dienel, Ph.D. Professor Dept. Neurology and Physiology & Biophysics University Arkansas for Medical Sciences Shorey Bldg. Room 715, Mail Slot 830 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock, AR 72205 USA [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006922553 ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐30366‐6 Additionally, the whole set will be available upon completion under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐35443‐9 The electronic version of the whole set will be available under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐30426‐7 The print and electronic bundle of the whole set will be available under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐35478‐1 ß 2007 Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. springer.com Printed on acid-free paper

SPIN: 11416678 2109 ‐ 5 4 3 2 1 0

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1 1.1

Bioenergetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D. G. Nicholls

1.2

Glucose, Oxidative Energy Metabolism, and Neural Function in Brain Slices—Glycolysis Plays a Key Role in Neural Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Y. Okada . P. Lipton

1.3

Pentose Phosphate Pathway and NADPH Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 R. Dringen . H. H. Hoepken . T. Minich . C. Ruedig

1.4

The Cerebral Tricarboxylic Acid Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 T. B. Rodrigues . S. Cerda´n

1.5

Electron Transport. Structure, Redox‐Coupled Protonmotive Activity, and Pathological Disorders of Respiratory Chain Complexes . . . .