A Mini Review on Parameters Affecting the Semiconducting Oxide Photocatalytic Microbial Disinfection
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A Mini Review on Parameters Affecting the Semiconducting Oxide Photocatalytic Microbial Disinfection Nur Atiqah Daub & Farhana Aziz & Madzlan Aziz & Juhana Jaafar & Wan Norhayati Wan Salleh & Norhaniza Yusof & Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The applications of photocatalytic processes have been explored, and their ability as microbial disinfection has been recognized. This review article will introduce the related parameters in semiconducting oxide photocatalyst applications as a photocatalytic microbial disinfection in order to provide better understanding on achieving excellent performance in photocatalytic disinfection. Several significant parameters have been identified, namely, pH, catalyst loading, particle size, temperature, inorganic ions, doping, light intensity, and irradiation time. This mini review may be useful for directing the photocatalyst research under the visible light region for microbial disinfection.
Keywords Antimicrobial . Photocatalyst . Semiconductor . Metal oxide . Multiferroic . Perovskite
N. A. Daub : F. Aziz (*) : J. Jaafar : W. N. W. Salleh : N. Yusof : A. F. Ismail Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] M. Aziz Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
1 Introduction Water is the most essential and fundamental to human population across the world. The access to safe and fresh drinking water is still one of the main challenges in many developing nations. The rapid growth of populations and expansion in urbanization lead to waterborne diseases that subsequently threaten human health. There is a broad range of microbes, including bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi, and protozoa, that are responsible for various waterborne disease such as typhoid, salmonella, and cholera. Photocatalysis, a green solution technology, has been extensively studied by utilization of solar energy to degrade organic contaminants or microorganisms without forming any undesirable secondary natural byproducts (Laxma et al. 2017). Photocatalyst is a compound which, upon exposure to light, can degrade organic molecules or microorganisms. The purpose of photocatalyst is to speed up the oxidation and reduction process in the presence of light source (Malathi et al. 2018). The efficiency of good photocatalyst is strongly influenced by electron–holes and optical absorption properties (Irfan et al. 2017). The main photocatalyst should have the following criteria: (i) high chemical and thermal stability, (ii) low cost, (iii) mechanical stability and resistance to erosion, and (iv) non-selectivity. In addition, it can be utilized not only under UV but also under visible light. To date, metal oxide–based photocatalyst has garnered a substantial attention owing to their intriguing propertie
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