A multi-channel chemical sensor and its application in detecting hydrothermal vents
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A multi-channel chemical sensor and its application in detecting hydrothermal vents Zhen Cai1, A J Mur Luis2, Jiwan Han2, Kui Wang3, 4, Huawei Qin5*, Ying Ye1 1 Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China 2 Environmental and Rural Sciences, Institute of Biological, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK 3 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 4 Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China 5 Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Received 4 August 2018; accepted 23 August 2018 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract
There are well-established chemical and turbidity anomalies in the plumes occurring vicinity of hydrothermal vents, which are used to indicate their existence and locations. We here develop a small, accurate multi-channel chemical sensor to detect such anomalies which can be used in deep-sea at depths of more than 4 000 m. The design allowed five all-solid-state electrodes to be mounted on it and each (apart from one reference electrode) could be changed according to chemicals to be measured. Two experiments were conducted using the chemical sensors. The first was a shallow-sea trial which included sample measurements and in situ monitoring. pH, Eh, 2¡ CO 2¡ 3 and SO 4 electrodes were utilized to demonstrate that the chemical sensor was accurate and stable outside the laboratory. In the second experiment, the chemical sensor was integrated with pH, Eh, CO 2¡ 3 and H2S electrodes, and was used in 29 scans of the seabed along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) to detect hydrothermal vents, from which 27 sets of valid data were obtained. Hydrothermal vents were identified by analyzing the chemical anomalies, the primary judging criteria were decreasing voltages of Eh and H2S , matched by increasing voltages of pH and CO 2¡ 3 . We proposed that simultaneous detection of changes in these parameters will indicate a hydrothermal vent. Amongst the 27 valid sets of data, five potential hydrothermal vents were targeted using the proposed method. We suggest that our sensors could be widely employed by marine scientists. Key words: chemical sensor, multi-channel, hydrothermal vents detection, chemical anomalies, SWIR Citation: Cai Zhen, Luis A J Mur, Han Jiwan, Wang Kui, Qin Huawei, Ye Ying. 2019. A multi-channel chemical sensor and its application in detecting hydrothermal vents. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(9): 128–134, doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1481-1
1 Introduction Hydrothermal vents are the fissures in the sea floor where underlying heat sources, including magma and hot water, exist (Colín-García et al., 2016), and hydrothermal fluids are generated in the vicinity of them through the interaction of overlying seawater with high-temperature basalt erupting near the seafloor surface. The hydrothermal activity may be a significant component of the chemical mass bal
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