A novel biofilm bioreactor derived from a consortium of acidophilic arsenite-oxidizing bacteria for the cleaning up of a
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A novel biofilm bioreactor derived from a consortium of acidophilic arsenite-oxidizing bacteria for the cleaning up of arsenite from acid mine drainage Yifan Xu1 Hao Li1 Xian-Chun Zeng1 ●
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Accepted: 26 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Arsenite (As(III)) was considered to be of great concern in acid mine drainage (AMD). A promising approach for cleaning up of arsenite from AMD is microbial oxidation of As(III) followed by adsorptions. However, there is virtually no research about the acidophilic bioreactor for As(III) oxidation so far. In this study, we formed a new biofilm bioreactor with a consortium of acidophilic As(III) oxidation bacteria. It is totally chemoautotrophic, with no need to add any carbon or other materials during the operations. It works well under pH 3.0–4.0, capable of oxidizing 1.0–20.0 mg/L As(III) in 3.0–4.5 h, respectively. A continuous operation of the bioreactor suggests that it is very stable and sustainable. Functional gene detection indicated that the biofilms possessed a unique diversity of As(III) oxidase genes. Taken together, this acidophilic bioreactor has great potential for industrial applications in the cleaning up of As (III) from AMD solution. Keywords Biofilm bioreactor Acid mine drainage Arsenite-oxidizing bacteria Acidophilic bacteria aioA gene diversity As(III)-contaminated acidic wastewater ●
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Introduction Acid mine drainage (AMD) derived from abandoned and active mines is the formation and flow of polluted water that contains high levels of sulfuric acid and heavy metal/ metalloids, including Fe, Mn, Alu, Zn, Pb, Cd and As (Akcil, Koldas 2006; Chen et al. 2014; Gutiérrez et al., 2016). The highly acidic stream of AMD was formed through microbial and geochemical reactions between surface water and sulfur-bearing minerals. The generated yellow fluid further dissolves heavy metals/metalloids-bearing minerals, leading to severe contaminations of groundwater,
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02283-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xian-Chun Zeng [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 430074 Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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surface water, sediments and soils (Zhang et al. 2019; Hierro et al. 2014; Anawar. 2015; Coudert et al. 2019). Therefore, AMD is one of the most severe environmental threats, and the development of sustainable and environment-friendly approaches for the treatment of AMD are urgently required. Among all the metals/metalloids existing in AMD, arsenic (As) was generally considered to be of great concern (Johnson, Hallberg 2005). Because As is always closely associated with sulfur ore mineralization, AMD often contains high contents of As, of which dominant form is As(III). For example, the AMDs derived from the abandoned On
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