A novel modified robust load frequency controller scheme
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A novel modified robust load frequency controller scheme Farag K. Abo-Elyousr1
· Adel M. Sharaf2,3
Received: 5 July 2018 / Accepted: 8 May 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The main target of this study is to allow virtual inertia modern distributed energy resources (DERs) to participate effectively within interconnected power systems via fractional order PI controller. Fractional order proportional plus integral (PI) is a PI whose integral order is a faction rather than integer numbers. The load frequency control (LFC) approach determines the fractional order PI parameters based on an artificial bee colony optimization algorithm. Besides, a per phase linearized model for massless DERs was developed for solving LFC issues. In order to avoid the complexity associated with the power systems, the optimization problem was formulated based on a time domain objective function, which is based on the norm of each area control error vector. The time domain simulated evaluations are compared with the classical PI and integral controllers. Simulated results show that the developed factional order PI outperforms the other controllers in terms of damping the oscillations and many system indices. Keywords Load frequency control (LFC) · Fractional order PI controller · Optimal control · Artificial bee colony (ABC) · Virtual inertia generator · Robustness improvements
Abbreviations ABC ACE ACO BAT
B
Artificial bee colony Area control error Ant colony optimization BAT optimization algorithm
Farag K. Abo-Elyousr [email protected]
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
2
Sharaf Energy Systems, Inc., New Brunswick, Canada
3
Intelligent Environmental Energy Systems, Canada Inc. of Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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F. K. Abo-Elyousr, A. M. Sharaf
DERs EA FOPI GA LFC SA PI PID PVs PEVs
Distributed energy resources Evolutionary algorithm Fractional order PI Genetic algorithm Load frequency control Simulated annealing Proportional-plus-integral Proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative Photovoltaics Plugin electric vehicles
Symbols ACE i Bi Cs fi i I K1 K2 Kp Ki K ii1 K ii2 K p11 K p22 L La n pop n onlooker PD Pg P f PN C Ptie t Vdc vdc vT VT X
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The area control error for the ith conventional area The biasing constant for the ith conventional area Number of scout bees Frequency deviation for the for the ith conventional area The incremental instantaneous value of the current injected to the conventional area The rms incremental value of the current injected to the conventional area Parameter gain of the fractional order integral of the hydro area Parameter gain of the fractional order integral of the thermal area Proportional gain of the virtual inertia resource Integral gain of the virtual inertia resource Integral gain of the conventional PI at the hydro area Integral gain of the conventional PI at the thermal area Proportional gain at the hydro area Proportional gain at the thermal area The inverter
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